Constantine Karvellas, MD MSc FRCPC FCCM

Professor, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry - Critical Care Medicine

Contact

Professor, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry - Critical Care Medicine
Email
cjk2@ualberta.ca

Overview

Area of Study / Keywords

Cirrhosis Acute on chronic liver failure palliative care Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System Albumin Dialysis Acute Liver Failure biomarkers Critical Illness Total Parenteral Nutrition Hepatic Encephalopathy critically ill intracranial hypertension acetaminophen toxicity fatty acid binding protein liver transplant


About

Dr. Constantine (Dean) Karvellas is a Professor of Critical Care Medicine at the University of Alberta and an Adjunct Professor in the School of Public Health Sciences. He has been an attending intensivist in the E. Garner King General Systems Intensive Care Unit since 2009 and is involved with the Liver Transplant program as a Hepatologist. Dr. Karvellas is the only Canadian co-investigator in the NIH-funded United States Acute Liver Failure study group (US ALFSG). He is an Associate Editor for the Journal of Hepatology and a co-chair of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) Acute on chronic liver failure Guidance. Dr. Karvellas has over 170 publications reflecting his interests in acute liver failure (ALF), acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF), liver transplantation and extracorporeal liver support.

Featured Publications

Augusto Cama-Olivares, Tianqi Ouyang, Tomonori Takeuchi, Shelsea A. St. Hillien, Jevon E. Robinson, Raymond T. Chung, Giuseppe Cullaro, Constantine J. Karvellas, Josh Levitsky, Eric S. Orman, Kavish R. Patidar, Kevin R. Regner, Danielle L. Saly, Deirdre Sawinski, Pratima Sharma, J. Pedro Teixeira, Nneka N. Ufere, Juan Carlos Q. Velez, Hani M. Wadei, Nabeel Wahid, Andrew S. Allegretti, Javier A. Neyra, Justin M. Belcher

Kidney360. 2024 September; 10.34067/KID.0000000589


Victor Dong, Filipe S. Cardoso, Constantine J. Karvellas

Liver Transplantation. 2024 September; 10.1097/LVT.0000000000000481


Javier Fernández, Annabel Blasi, Ernest Hidalgo, Constantine J. Karvellas

American Journal of Transplantation. 2024 August; 10.1016/j.ajt.2024.03.026


Thierry Artzner, David S. Goldberg, Vinay Sundaram, François Faitot, Constantine J. Karvellas, Sumeet K. Asrani

American Journal of Gastroenterology. 2024 July; 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002944


Madhumita Premkumar, Constantine J. Karvellas, Anand V. Kulkarni, Harish Bhujade, K. Rajender Reddy

Hepatology. 2024 July; 10.1097/HEP.0000000000000990


Ahmet Gurakar, Isabel Conde Amiel, N. Begum Ozturk, Florent Artru, Nazia Selzner, Kevin J. Psoter, Joanna C. Dionne, Constantine Karvellas, Akila Rajakumar, Fuat Saner, Ram M. Subramanian, Li-Ying Sun, Anil Dhawan, Audrey Coilly

Liver Transplantation. 2024 May; 10.1097/LVT.0000000000000402


Joshua Hefler, Rena Pawlick, Braulio A. Marfil-Garza, Aducio Thiesen, Nerea Cuesta-Gomez, Sanaz Hatami, Darren H. Freed, Constantine Karvellas, David L. Bigam, A.M. James Shapiro

Liver Research. 2024 March; 10.1016/j.livres.2024.02.002


Constantine J. Karvellas, Jasmohan S. Bajaj, Patrick S. Kamath, Lena Napolitano, Jacqueline G. O’Leary, Elsa Solà, Ram Subramanian, Florence Wong, Sumeet K. Asrani

Hepatology. 2023 November; 10.1097/HEP.0000000000000671


Ruben Hernaez, Constantine J. Karvellas, Yan Liu, Sophie-Caroline Sacleux, Saro Khemichian, Lance L. Stein, Kirti Shetty, Christina C. Lindenmeyer, Justin R. Boike, Douglas A. Simonetto, Robert S. Rahimi, Prasun K. Jalal, Manhal Izzy, Michael S. Kriss, Gene Y. Im, Ming V. Lin, Janice H. Jou, Brett E. Fortune, George Cholankeril, Alexander Kuo, Nadim Mahmud, Fasiha Kanwal, Faouzi Saliba, Vinay Sundaram, Thierry Artzner, Rajiv Jalan

Journal of Hepatology. 2023 September; 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.05.028


Cardoso FS, Kim M, Pereira R, Bagulho L, Fidalgo P, Pawlowski A, Wunderink R, Germano N, Bagshaw SM, Abraldes JG, Karvellas CJ

Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics. 2023 July; 10.1111/apt.17650


Constantine J. Karvellas, Thierry Gustot, Javier Fernandez

Liver International. 2023 June; 10.1111/liv.15659


Carrier FM, Vincelette C, Trottier H, Amzallag É, Carr A, Chaudhury P, Dajani K, Fugère R, Giard JM, Gonzalez-Valencia N, Joosten A, Kandelman S, Chassé M

Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie. 2023 June; 10.1007/s12630-023-02499-y


Ma CH, Tworek KB, Kung JY, Kilcommons S, Wheeler K, Parker A, Senaratne J, Macintyre E, Sligl W, Karvellas CJ, Zampieri FG, Kutsogiannis DJ, Lau VI

Critical care explorations. 2023 June; 10.1097/cce.0000000000000938


Stravitz RT, Fontana RJ, Karvellas C, Durkalski V, McGuire B, Rule JA, Tujios S, Lee WM, Acute Liver Failure Study Group

Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.). 2023 May; 10.1097/hep.0000000000000458


Rakela JL, Karvellas CJ, Koch DG, Vegunta S, Lee WM

Clinical and translational gastroenterology. 2023 April; 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000565


Nanchal R, Subramanian R, Alhazzani W, Dionne JC, Peppard WJ, Singbartl K, Truwit J, Al-Khafaji AH, Killian AJ, Alquraini M, Alshammari K, Karvellas CJ

Critical care medicine. 2023 April; 10.1097/ccm.0000000000005824


Orandi BJ, McLeod MC, MacLennan PA, Lee WM, Fontana RJ, Karvellas CJ, McGuire BM, Lewis CE, Terrault NM, Locke JE, US Acute Liver Failure Study Group

JAMA. 2023 March; 10.1001/jama.2023.1080


Constantine J. Karvellas, Thomas M. Leventhal, Jorge L. Rakela, Jingwen Zhang, Valerie Durkalski, K. Rajender Reddy, Robert J. Fontana, R. Todd Stravitz, John R. Lake, William M. Lee, Justin R. Parekh

Liver Transplantation. 2023 March; 10.1002/lt.26563


Karvellas CJ, Subramanian R, Olson JC, Jamil K

Critical care explorations. 2023 March; 10.1097/cce.0000000000000890


Kim M, Cardoso FS, Pawlowski A, Wunderink R, Ladner DP, Abraldes JG, Karvellas CJ

Hepatology communications. 2023 January; 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000038


Ma C, Tworek KB, Kung JY, Kilcommons S, Wheeler K, Parker A, Senaratne J, Macintyre E, Sligl W, Karvellas CJ, Zampieri FG, Kutsogiannis DJ, Lau VI

2023 January; 10.1101/2023.01.03.23284166


Joshua Hefler, Sanaz Hatami, Aducio Thiesen, Carly Olafson, Kiarra Durand, Jason Acker, Constantine J. Karvellas, David L. Bigam, Darren H. Freed, Andrew Mark James Shapiro

Biomedicines. 2022 October; 10.3390/biomedicines10102496


Olson JC, Subramanian R, Karvellas CJ

Current opinion in critical care. 2022 October; 10.1097/mcc.0000000000001002


Sundaram V., Patel S., Shetty K., Lindenmeyer C.C., Rahimi R.S., Flocco G., Al-Attar A., Karvellas C.J., Challa S., Maddur H., Jou J.H., Kriss M., Stein L.L., Xiao A.H., Vyhmeister R.H., Green E.W., Campbell B., Cranford W., Mahmud N., Fortune B.E.

LIVER TRANSPLANTATION. 2022 June; 28 (6):1078-1089 10.1002/lt.26408


Pillai AA, Kriss M, Al-Adra DP, Chadha RM, Cushing MM, Farsad K, Fortune BE, Hess AS, Lewandowski R, Nadim MK, Nydam T, Sharma P, Karvellas CJ, Intagliata N

Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society. 2022 May; 10.1002/lt.26451


Cheung K., Mailman J.F., Crawford J.J., Karvellas C.J., Sy E.

Journal of the Intensive Care Society. 2022 May; 23 (2):139-149 10.1177/1751143720985293


Kaur B., Cardenas A., Karvellas C.J.

Clinical Liver Disease. 2022 May; 19 (5):187-190 10.1002/cld.1222


Cardoso FS, Fidalgo P, Bagshaw SM, Gottfried M, Tujios S, Olson JC, Lee WM, Karvellas CJ, U.S. Acute Liver Failure Study Group

Critical care medicine. 2022 April; 10.1097/ccm.0000000000005563


Hetherington A., Cardoso F.S., Lester E.L.W., Karvellas C.J.

Current Opinion in Critical Care. 2022 April; 28 (2):184-189 10.1097/MCC.0000000000000928


Opgenorth D, Baig N, Fiest K, Karvellas C, Kutsogiannis J, Lau V, Macintyre E, Senaratne J, Slemko J, Sligl W, Wang X, Bagshaw SM, Rewa OG

Trials. 2022 March; 10.1186/s13063-022-06115-0


Bezinover D, Biancofiore G, Falcone M, Karvellas C, Husain S, Saner FH

Minerva anestesiologica. 2022 March; 10.23736/s0375-9393.22.16124-9


Sundaram V, Lindenmeyer CC, Shetty K, Rahimi RS, Al-Attar A, Flocco G, Fortune BE, Gong C, Challa S, Maddur H, Jou JH, Kriss M, Stein LL, Xiao AH, Vyhmeister RH, Green EW, Campbell B, Piscitello AJ, Cranford W, Levitsky J, Karvellas CJ

Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association. 2022 March; 10.1016/j.cgh.2022.03.014


MacDonald A.J., Subramanian R.M., Olson J.C., Speiser J.L., Durkalski-Mauldin V.L., Abraldes J.G., Bigam D.L., Flynn M.M., Rapaka B., Shropshire B.M., Vora R.S., Karvellas C.J.

CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE. 2022 February; 50 (2):286-295 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005194


Andrew J. MacDonald, Jaime L. Speiser, Daniel R. Ganger, Kathleen M. Nilles, Babak J. Orandi, Anne M. Larson, William M. Lee, Constantine J. Karvellas

Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2021 December; 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.09.016


Hefler J., Marfil-Garza B.A., Pawlick R.L., Freed D.H., Karvellas C.J., Bigam D.L., Shapiro A.M.J.

PeerJ. 2021 December; 9 (9):e12579 10.7717/peerj.12579


Dong V., Nadim M.K., Karvellas C.J.

LIVER TRANSPLANTATION. 2021 November; 27 (11):1653-1664 10.1002/lt.26094


Tavabie O.D., Karvellas C.J., Salehi S., Speiser J.L., Rose C.F., Menon K., Prachalias A., Heneghan M.A., Agarwal K., Lee W.M., McPhail M.J.W., Aluvihare V.R.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY. 2021 August; 75 (2):424-434 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.03.013


Bernal W, Karvellas C, Saliba F, Saner FH, Meersseman P

Journal of hepatology. 2021 July; 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.10.024


MacDonald AJ, Subramanian RM, Olson JC, Speiser JL, Durkalski-Mauldin VL, Abraldes JG, Bigam DL, Flynn MM, Rapaka B, Shropshire BM, Vora RS, U.S. Acute Liver Failure Study Group

Critical care medicine. 2021 July; 10.1097/ccm.0000000000005194


Karvellas C.J., Francoz C., Weiss E.

TRANSPLANTATION. 2021 July; 105 (7):1471-1481 10.1097/TP.0000000000003550


Bernal W., Karvellas C., Saliba F., Saner F.H., Meersseman P.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY. 2021 July; 75 (Suppl1):S163-S177 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.10.024


Cardoso F.S., Pereira R., Laranjo A., Gamelas V., Bagulho L., Germano N., Karvellas C.J.

JOURNAL OF CRITICAL CARE. 2021 June; 63 10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.09.012


Cardoso F., Mcphail M., Karvellas C., Fuhrmann V., Germano N., Auzinger G.

GE Portuguese Journal of Gastroenterology. 2021 May; 29 (1):22-30 10.1159/000516672


Cardoso F.S., Pereira R., Moreno R., Karvellas C.J., Germano N.

GE Portuguese Journal of Gastroenterology. 2021 April; 28 (3):170-178 10.1159/000511646


Khemichian S., Francoz C., Durand F., Karvellas C.J., Nadim M.K.

CRITICAL CARE CLINICS. 2021 April; 37 (2):321-334 10.1016/j.ccc.2020.11.011


Oliver D. Tavabie, Constantine J. Karvellas, Siamak Salehi, Jaime L. Speiser, Christopher F. Rose, Krishna Menon, Andreas Prachalias, Michael A. Heneghan, Kosh Agarwal, William M. Lee, Mark JW. McPhail, Varuna R. Aluvihare

Journal of Hepatology. 2021 April; 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.03.013


Weiss E., Saner F., Asrani S.K., Biancofiore G., Blasi A., Lerut J., Durand F., Fernandez J., Findlay J.Y., Fondevila C., Francoz C., Gustot T., Jaber S., Karvellas C., Kronish K., Laleman W., Laterre P.F., Levesque E., Mandell M.S., Mc Phail M., Muiesan P., Olson J.C., Olthoff K., Daniele Pinna A., Reiberger T., Reyntjens K., Saliba F., Scatton O., Simpson K.J., Soubrane O., Subramanian R.M., Tacke F., Tomescu D., Xia V., Wagener G., Paugam-Burtz C.

TRANSPLANTATION. 2021 March; 105 (3):561-568 10.1097/TP.0000000000003364


Dong V., Karvellas C.J.

CURRENT OPINION IN CLINICAL NUTRITION AND METABOLIC CARE. 2021 March; 24 (2):189-194 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000721


R T Stravitz, R J Fontana, C Meinzer, V Durkalski, A J Hanje, J Olson, D Koch, B Hamid, M L Schilsky, B McGuire, D Ganger, I Liou, C J Karvellas, J A Rule, T Lisman, K Clasen, A Reuben, M W Cripps, W M Lee, ALF Study Group

HEPATOLOGY. 2021 February; 74 (2):937-949 10.1002/hep.31767


Constantine J. Karvellas, Jaime L. Speiser, Mélanie Tremblay, William M. Lee, Christopher F. Rose

Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 2021 January; 10.1007/s10620-020-06166-w


Cheung K, Mailman JF, Crawford JJ, Karvellas CJ, Sy E

Journal of the Intensive Care Society. 2021 January; 10.1177/1751143720985293


Sundaram V., Mahmud N., Perricone G., Katarey D., Wong R.J., Karvellas C.J., Fortune B.E., Rahimi R.S., Maddur H., Jou J.H., Kriss M., Stein L.L., Lee M., Jalan R.

LIVER TRANSPLANTATION. 2020 December; 26 (12):1594-1602 10.1002/lt.25831


Dong V, Karvellas CJ

Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care. 2020 December; 10.1097/mco.0000000000000721


Cardoso FS, Pereira R, Moreno R, Karvellas CJ, Germano N

GE Portuguese journal of gastroenterology. 2020 December; 10.1159/000511646


Vinay Sundaram, Nadim Mahmud, Giovanni Perricone, Dev Katarey, Robert J. Wong, Constantine J. Karvellas, Brett E. Fortune, Robert S. Rahimi, Harapriya Maddur, Janice H. Jou, Michael Kriss, Lance L. Stein, Moses Lee, Rajiv Jalan

Liver Transplantation. 2020 December; 10.1002/lt.25831


Khemichian S, Francoz C, Durand F, Karvellas CJ, Nadim MK

Critical care clinics. 2020 December; 10.1016/j.ccc.2020.11.011


Karvellas CJ, Francoz C, Weiss E

Transplantation. 2020 November; 10.1097/tp.0000000000003550


Cardoso FS, Pereira R, Laranjo A, Gamelas V, Bagulho L, Germano N, Karvellas CJ

Journal of critical care. 2020 September; 10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.09.012


O'Brien A, Karvellas CJ

Journal of hepatology. 2020 August; 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.07.029


Eric M. Liotta, Constantine J. Karvellas, Minjee Kim, Ayush Batra, Andrew Naidech, Shyam Prabhakaran, Farzaneh A. Sorond, W. Taylor Kimberly, Matthew B. Maas

Liver International. 2020 August; 10.1111/liv.14400


Bernsmeier C, Cavazza A, Fatourou EM, Theocharidou E, Akintimehin A, Baumgartner B, Dhar A, Auzinger G, Thursz M, Bernal W, Wendon JA, Karvellas CJ, McPhail MJW

Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics. 2020 July; 10.1111/apt.15932


Sundaram V, Shah P, Mahmud N, Lindenmeyer CC, Klein AS, Wong RJ, Karvellas CJ, K Asrani S, Jalan R

Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics. 2020 July; 10.1111/apt.15988


Weiss E, Saner F, Asrani SK, Biancofiore G, Blasi A, Lerut J, Durand F, Fernandez J, Findlay JY, Fondevila C, Francoz C, Gustot T, Jaber S, Paugam-Burtz C

Transplantation. 2020 June; 10.1097/tp.0000000000003364


MacDonald AJ, Olson J, Karvellas CJ

Current opinion in critical care. 2020 April;


Ball IM, Hornby L, Rochwerg B, Weiss MJ, Gillrie C, Chassé M, D'Aragon F, Meade MO, Soliman K, Ali A, Arora S, Basmaji J, Boyd JG, Cantin B, Shemie SD

CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne. 2020 April; 10.1503/cmaj.190631


Victor Dong, Ken Sun, Michelle Gottfried, Filipe S. Cardoso, Mark J. McPhail, R. Todd Stravitz, William M. Lee, Constantine J. Karvellas

Liver International. 2020 March; 10.1111/liv.14268


Nanchal R, Subramanian R, Karvellas CJ, Hollenberg SM, Peppard WJ, Singbartl K, Truwit J, Al-Khafaji AH, Killian AJ, Alquraini M, Alshammari K, Alhazzani W

Critical care medicine. 2020 March;


Nanchal R, Subramanian R, Karvellas CJ, Hollenberg SM, Peppard WJ, Singbartl K, Truwit J, Al-Khafaji AH, Killian AJ, Alquraini M, Alshammari K, Alhazzani W

Critical care medicine. 2020 March;


Vinay Sundaram, Shannon Kogachi, Robert J. Wong, Constantine J. Karvellas, Brett E. Fortune, Nadim Mahmud, Josh Levitsky, Robert S. Rahimi, Rajiv Jalan

Journal of Hepatology. 2020 March; 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.10.013


Karvellas CJ, Speiser JL, Tremblay M, Lee WM, Rose CF, US Acute Liver Failure Study Group

Digestive diseases and sciences. 2020 March;


Victor Dong, Rahul Nanchal, Constantine J. Karvellas

Nutrition in Clinical Practice. 2020 February; 10.1002/ncp.10459


Liotta EM, Karvellas CJ, Kim M, Batra A, Naidech A, Prabhakaran S, Sorond FA, Kimberly WT, Maas MB

Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver. 2020 February;


Sheela Xavier, Colleen M. Norris, Amanda Ewasiuk, Demetrios J. Kutsogiannis, Sean M. Bagshaw, Sean van Diepen, Derek R. Townsend, Jayan Negendran, Constantine J. Karvellas

Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie. 2020 January; 10.1007/s12630-019-01493-7


MacDonald AJ, Karvellas CJ

Best practice & research. Clinical anaesthesiology. 2019 December; 10.1016/j.bpa.2019.12.002


Dong V, Nanchal R, Karvellas CJ

Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. 2019 December;


Sundaram V, Kogachi S, Wong RJ, Karvellas CJ, Fortune BE, Mahmud N, Levitsky J, Rahimi RS, Jalan R

Journal of hepatology. 2019 October;


Dong V, Sun K, Gottfried M, Cardoso FS, McPhail MJ, Stravitz RT, Lee WM, Karvellas CJ

Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver. 2019 October;


Mouchiroud M, Camiré É, Aldow M, Caron A, Jubinville É, Turcotte L, Kaci I, Beaulieu MJ, Roy C, Labbé SM, Varin TV, Gélinas Y, Lamothe J, Trottier J, Laplante M

Molecular metabolism. 2019 October;


Wernerman J, Christopher KB, Annane D, Casaer MP, Coopersmith CM, Deane AM, De Waele E, Elke G, Ichai C, Karvellas CJ, McClave SA, Vincent JL

Critical care (London, England). 2019 September;


Xavier S, Norris CM, Ewasiuk A, Kutsogiannis DJ, Bagshaw SM, van Diepen S, Townsend DR, Negendran J, Karvellas CJ

Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia. 2019 September;


JCI insight. 2019 August; 10.1172/jci.insight.129492


Filipe S. Cardoso, Juan G. Abraldes, Eric Sy, Juan J. Ronco, Luís Bagulho, Mark J. Mcphail, Constantine J. Karvellas

Liver International. 2019 July; 10.1111/liv.14083


Karvellas CJ, Taylor S, Bigam D, Kneteman NM, Shapiro AMJ, Romanovsky A, Gibney RTN, Townsend DR, Meeberg G, Özelsel T, Bishop E, Bagshaw SM

Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie. 2019 July; 10.1007/s12630-019-01454-0


Karvellas CJ, Dong V, Abraldes JG, Lester EL, Kumar A

Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie. 2019 June; 10.1503/cjs.009418


Filipe S. Cardoso, Constantine J. Karvellas

Journal of Intensive Care Medicine. 2019 May; 10.1177/0885066618781526


Speiser JL, Karvellas CJ, Wolf BJ, Chung D, Koch DG, Durkalski VL

Computer methods and programs in biomedicine. 2019 April; 10.1016/j.cmpb.2019.04.012


Dong V, Karvellas CJ

JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology. 2019 March;


Cardoso FS, Abraldes JG, Sy E, Ronco JJ, Bagulho L, Mcphail MJ, Karvellas CJ

Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver. 2019 March;


Sundaram V, Shah P, Wong RJ, Karvellas CJ, Fortune BE, Mahmud N, Kuo A, Jalan R

Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.). 2019 March; 10.1002/hep.30624


Jaime Lynn Speiser, Bethany J. Wolf, Dongjun Chung, Constantine J. Karvellas, David G. Koch, Valerie L. Durkalski

Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems. 2019 February; 10.1016/j.chemolab.2019.01.002


Bagshaw SM, Gibney RT, Karvellas CJ, McDermid RC, Stollery DE

2008 May;


Bernal W, Hall C, Karvellas CJ, Auzinger G, Sizer E, Wendon J

Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.). 2007 December;


Fedorak RN, Hanson J, Karvellas CJ, Wong CK

2007 July;


2007 January; 10.1002/hep.21838


2007 January; 10.1186/cc5922


2004 January; 10.1097/01.coc.0000071464.83271.08


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