Gerard Kennedy, B.A. (Hons.) (Toronto), J.D. (Queen's), LL.M. (Harvard), Ph.D. (Osgoode)

Area of Study / Keywords

Law Procedural Law Civil Procedure Courts Constitutional Law The Legal Profession Administrative Law

About

Gerard Kennedy joined UofA Law in July 2023, having previously been a faculty member at the University of Manitoba's Faculty of Law for over three years. He researches the role of courts in society, specifically how different actors and institutions within or adjacent to the legal profession uphold the rule of law and facilitate access to justice. He principally does this through analyzing civil justice and procedure and administrative law and procedure, frequently with a comparative lens. He has authored or co-authored over thirty journal articles on these topics, and six books, including The Charter of Rights in Litigation: Direction from the Supreme Court of Canada; The Civil Litigation Process, 9th edition; Public Law, 5th edition; Civil Litigation, 2nd edition; and Boundaries of Judicial Review: The Law of Justiciability in Canada, 3rd edition. His work has been cited by the Supreme Court of Canada, Federal Court of Appeal, Federal Court, Court of Appeal for British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Ontario, Alberta Court of King's Bench, Ontario Superior Court of Justice, and Supreme Court of Prince Edward Island.

Professor Kennedy received his Juris Doctor at Queen’s University, where he was the sole recipient of the Dean’s Key in his graduating class. He then clerked at the Ontario Superior Court of Justice before earning a Masters of Law at Harvard Law School as a Frank Knox Memorial Fellow. His doctoral studies at Osgoode Hall Law School were supported by a Pierre Elliott Trudeau Foundation Scholarship and a SSHRC Joseph-Armand Bombardier CGS Doctoral Scholarship. As a doctoral student, he held scholarship-supported visiting positions at NYU School of Law and the Max Planck Institute Luxembourg for Procedural Law.

Professor Kennedy’s interests in the role of courts in society, and specifically civil and administrative justice, were largely inspired by his four years as a litigator at Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt LLP. He has given numerous continuing professional development presentations for organizations as diverse as given numerous continuing professional development presentations for organizations as diverse as the National Judicial Institute, The Advocates' Society, American College of Trial Lawyers (Manitoba chapter), the Runnymede Society, the Canadian Bar Association, and many more.

He has remained an active member of the legal profession, as a member of the bars of Ontario, Manitoba, and Alberta. He serves on the Alberta Judicial Council, the Federal Courts Rules Committee, and the (advisory) boards of Advocates for the Rule of Law, the Centre for Constitutional Studies, and the Edmonton Bar Association. Believing it is a role of the academy to communicate with the public, Professor Kennedy is a frequent media contributor.

Research

• Civil Litigation and Procedure
• Access to Justice
• Public Law and Justiciability
• Constitutional Law
• Administrative Law
• The Legal “Profession”

Books

• Civil Litigation, 2d ed (Irwin Law, 2025) (with Janet Walker, Lorne Sossin & Erik Knutsen) (forthcoming)
• Public Law, 5th ed (Emond Montgomery, 2025) (with Philip Bryden, Malcolm Lavoie, Mark Mancini, Leah West, Dwight Newman, & Frankie Young) (co-general editor with Bryden & Lavoie)
• The Boundaries of Judicial Review: The Law of Justiciability in Canada, 3d ed (Toronto: Thomson Reuters, 2024) (with Lorne Sossin)
• The Civil Litigation Process in Canada, 9th ed (Emond Montgomery, 2022) (with Janet Walker, Erik Knutsen, & Catherine Piché)
• The Charter of Rights in Litigation: Direction from the Supreme Court of Canada, loose‑leaf (Toronto: Thomson Reuters, 2020) [updated semi-annually] 

Articles

• “Access to Justice Needs in Manitoba: The Views of Legal Service Providers” (2025) 47:2 Manitoba Law Journal 1 (with Natasha Brown)
• “Power Over Parliament: The Status and Future of the Justiciability of the Legislative Process” (2024) 18:3 Journal of Parliamentary and Political Law 557
• “The Rule of Law and Private Rights: A Preface” (2024) 4 Supreme Court Law Review (3d) xxi (with Malcolm Lavoie & Kristopher EG Kinsinger)
• “Justiciability, Religious Tenets, and Private Law Causes of Action: Towards a Predictable Framework” (2024) 4 Supreme Court Law Review (3d) 297 (forthcoming) (with Kristopher Kinsinger)
• “The Standard of Review for Procedural Fairness: Let’s Get Rid of This Terminology” (2024) 37:2 Journal of Administrative Law and Practice 123 (with Lauren Wihak)
• “They’re All Interpretative: Towards a Consistent Approach to Sections 25-31 of the Charter” (2024) 56:3 UBC Law Review 743
• “Twenty-Seven Reserved Decisions: 2023 at the Supreme Court of Canada” (2024) 1 Supreme Court Law Review (3d) 373
• “The Federal Courts Advantage in Civil Procedure” (2024) 102 Canadian Bar Review 75
• “Chief Justice Chartier’s Civil Procedure Legacy: Attuned to Access to Justice” (2024) 47:1 Manitoba Law Journal P
• “Council of Canadians with Disabilities: Another Reminder to Resolve Cases on their Merits” (2023) 115 Supreme Court Law Review (2d) 26
• “International Law and Section 33: Legally Not Relevant, Politically Very Much So” 17:2 Journal of Parliamentary and Political Law 307 (forthcoming) (with Mark P. Mancini)
• “De Jure Submission and De Facto Courteous Regard: Places for Two Types of “Deference” Post-Vavilov” (2022) 106 Supreme Court Law Review (2d) 383/2 Dicey Law Review 37
• “Glover v Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba: Courts Deferential in Reviewing Internal Party Affairs – Even When They’re ‘Contracts’” (2022) 16 Journal of Parliamentary and Political Law 519
• “The Rules-Standards Debate and Summary Procedures: A Case for More Rules” (2022) 47(1) Journal of Legal Philosophy 24
• “Nevsun, Atlantic Lottery, and the Implications of the Supreme Court of Canada’s 2020 Motions to Strike Decisions on Access to Justice and the Rule of Law” (2021) 71 University of New Brunswick Law Journal 82
• “Wither the Divisional Court? Looking at the Past, Analyzing the Present, and Querying the Future of Ontario’s Intermediate Appellate Court” 53:1 (2021) Ottawa Law Review 93
• “Hryniak Comes to Manitoba: The Evolution of Manitoba Civil Procedure in the 2010s” (2021) 44:2 Manitoba Law Journal 36
• “The Alberta Court of Appeal’s Vexatious Litigant Order Trilogy: Preserving Access to the Courts, Respecting Statutory Language, and Hopefully Not to a Fault” (2021) 58:3 Alberta Law Review 739
• “Narrative, Interrupted: Reflections on a First Semester as a New Law Professor Like No Other” (2020) 25(4) Lex Electronica: Law and Learning in the Time of Pandemic - A Collage (edited by Shauna Van Praagh and David Sandomierski)
• “The 2010 Amendments and Hryniak v Mauldin: The Perspective of the Lawyers Who Have Lived Them” (2020) 37 Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice 21
• “Final v. Interlocutory Civil Appeals: How a Clear Distinction Became so Complicated—Its Purposes, Obfuscation and a Simple Solution?” (2020) 45(2) Queen’s Law Journal 243
• “When Vavilov Makes Judicial Review More Difficult: Findings of Fact in a Statutory Appeal” (27 April 2020) Intra Vires (Canadian Bar Association Administrative Law Section Publication) (with Alyssa Clutterbuck)
• “Justiciability, Access to Justice, and Summary Procedures in Public Interest Litigation” (2019) 20 Supreme Court Law Review (2d) 119 (with Lorne Sossin)
• “Rule 2.1 of Ontario’s Rules of Civil Procedure: Responding to Vexatious Litigation While Advancing Access to Justice?” (2018) 35 Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice 242
• “Public Inquiries’ Terms of Reference: Lessons from the Past – And For the Future” (2018) 41(1) Manitoba Law Journal 317/18 Underneath the Golden Boy 317
• “Jurisdiction Motions and Access to Justice: An Ontario Tale” (2018) 55(1) Osgoode Hall Law Journal 79
• “Justiciability, Access to Justice & the Development of Constitutional Law in Canada” (2017) 45(4) ANU Federal Law Review 707 (with Lorne Sossin)
• “Pragmatic and Logical: The Supreme Court of Canada’s White Burgess Decision” (May 2016) 5(2) Commercial Arbitration and Litigation Review 23
• “Glen Grove: Distinguishing Agency and Privity as Bases to Hold Non-Parties Liable to Contracts” (April 2016) Toronto Law Journal (with Mary Paterson)
• “Tanudjaja v. Canada (Attorney General): Distinguishing Injusticiability and Deference on Motions to Strike” (2015) 44 Advocates’ Quarterly 391 (with Mary Angela Rowe)
• “Ontario Court of Appeal Divided on Permissibility of Hearings Outside Ontario in Multi-Jurisdictional Class Actions” (August 2015) 4 Commercial Arbitration and Litigation Review 33 (with Christopher P. Naudie)
• “R. v. P.C.: Accused Does Not Have Right to State-Funded Counsel for a First Appeal – Necessarily” (October 2014) Toronto Law Journal
• “Dilollo (Re): Ontario Court of Appeal Holds that Limitation Period for Preference Motion Is Not Suspended Pending Appeal of Bankruptcy Order” (2014) 29 National Creditor-Debtor Review 28 (with Mark A. Gelowitz)
• “Persisting Uncertainties in Appellate Jurisdiction at the Supreme Court” (2013) 100 Criminal Reports (6th) 96 

Blog Editor

• Access to Justice Blog, University of Manitoba Faculty of Law, August 2022 – Present

Book Chapters

• “The Scope and Standards of Appellate Review”, Chapter Five, Segment 9, Compendium on Comparative Procedural Law, International Association of Procedural Law (2024)
• “Rule 2.1” in Civil Procedure and Practice in Ontario (CanLII, 2021) 
• “Accountability and Transparency in Canadian Civil Justice” in Accountability e Transparência da Justiça Civil Uma Perspectiva Comparada (São Paulo: Thomson Reuters, 2019)

Book Reviews

• “Chekhov’s Gun is Going Off: A Review of The Notwithstanding Clause and the Canadian Charter: Rights, Reforms, and Controversies by Peter L. Biro” (2025) 74:2 University of Toronto Law Journal 122
• “Different Ways to Get to ‘Everything’?: Review of Judicializing Everything?: The Clash of Constitutionalisms in Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom by Mark S Harding” (2023) 54:1 Ottawa Law Review 153
• “Timely, And Looking Forward to Volume Two: Book Review of Seven Absolute Rights: Recovering the Historical Foundations of Canada’s Rule of Law, by Ryan Alford” (2021) 101 Supreme Court Law Review (2d) 305
• "Book Review of In Search of the Ethical Lawyer: Stories from the Canadian Legal Profession, edited by Adam Dodek & Alice Woolley" (2018) 35 Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice 177

Special Edition Journal Editor

• Vavilov at 5 (2025) 63:1 Alberta Law Review (with Paul Daly & Mark Mancini)
• The Rule of Law and Private Rights (LexisNexis, 2025) (with Malcolm Lavoie & Kristopher Kinsinger)
• The CJPTA: A Decade of Progress (2018) 55:1 Osgoode Hall Law Journal (with Janet Walker & Sagi Peari)

Teaching

• Administrative Law
• Civil Procedure
• Professional Responsibility
• Boundaries of Judicial Review

LAW 450 - Administrative Law

Designed to provide an understanding of the legal constraints courts have placed on the behavior of administrative tribunals and government departments. Topics to be discussed: What is Administrative Law? How the courts supervise the acts and decisions of administrative bodies. Pitfalls to be avoided by administrative officers: errors of fact and law; excesses of discretion; breach of natural justice. How administrative acts and decisions may be attacked by an aggrieved citizen: remedies. Appeal and review, time limits, locus standi, choice of remedy, procedure. How to avoid attacks by aggrieved citizens. The practical outcome; strength of review. Recent trends in Administrative Law in Canada.

LAW 452 - Civil Procedure

The fundamentals of the traditional litigation process (under the Rules of Court and applicable statutes) and current issues including access and reform.

LAW 456 - Professionalism and Ethics

An examination of the organization of the legal profession in Canada and the professional conduct of lawyers as determined by law, ethical codes of conduct and service to the public interest. The course will address civility in communication and conduct, common ethical issues in practice, the fiduciary nature of the lawyer's work, conflicts of interest, confidentiality, lawyer professionalism, and the lawyer's role in the administration of justice including access to the legal system. This will include learning about forms of discrimination and bias recognized in Canadian human rights legislation as they are manifest racism, sexism and bias in the Canadian justice system and the legal profession with attention to racism and sexism.

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