Fred Colbourne, BSc (hon.), PhD

Professor, Faculty of Science - Psychology Science

Pronouns: he, him, his

Contact Overview Announcements Courses Publications

Contact

Professor, Faculty of Science - Psychology Science

Email: fcolbour@ualberta.ca
Phone: (780) 492-5268
Address: P-459 Bio Science - Psychology Wing
11355 - Saskatchewan Drive

Edmonton AB

T6G 2E9

Availability: By Appointment.

Overview

Area of Study / Keywords

Stroke Animal Models Neuroprotection Therapeutic Hypothermia Edema Intracranial Pressure Rehabilitation Neuroplasticity

About

I have been a faculty member at U of A since 2000. Prior to this I completed post-doctoral training at the University of Lethbridge and the University of Calgary. I completed my PhD (Basic Medical Sciences in the Faculty of Medicine, 1995) and undergraduate degrees (Hons. Psychology, 1991) at Memorial University of Newfoundland. I had the wonderful opportunity to work with: Drs. Dale Corbett, Roland Auer, Alastair Buchan, Garnette Sutherland and Bryan Kolb in my training.

For fun outside the lab, I enjoy nature (hiking, camping, and photography: http://www.flickr.com/photos/fred_colbourne/).

Research

My students and I study the ischemic and hemorrhagic brain injuries that result from stroke and related conditions. We use animal models and a wide array of research techniques and tools to better understand the pathophysiology of cell damage (e.g., the role of brain edema) and dysfunction (e.g., alterations in cell volume). Furthermore, our primary goal is to comprehensively test potential therapies in our translationally-oriented studies. This includes seeking ways to reduce cell death through the use of neuroprotective therapies (e.g., hypothermia and various drugs), and attempting to augment brain plasticity to further improve behavioral recovery (e.g., rehabilitation therapies). Our publications are listed below, with some available through the links provided, or they can be obtained by emailing Dr. Colbourne.

Current set of awesome graduate students (degree sought, program):

B. Fedor (PhD, NMHI)
L. Liddle (PhD, Psychology)
A. Kalisvaart (PhD, Psychology)
T. Kung (PhD, Psychology).
E. Khiabani (MSc, Psychology).
A. Suete (MSc, Psychology).

+ volunteers, psyco496 and honor's students from psychology and the NMHI.

I AM NOT ACCEPTING ANY NEW GRADUATE STUDENTS AT THIS TIME.

UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS ARE WELCOME TO APPLY. We are a diverse, inclusive and welcoming group. Generally, new students should have a strong GPA (3.5 or better over the past 4 semesters), be dedicated and hard working, and have a genuine interest in neuroscience research. Please e-mail Fred and provide a brief statement on what you are interested in (e.g., psych496, psychology honours, neuroscience honours, summer studentships), what you hope to learn and how this may benefit you (e.g., career ambitions), and a brief summary of your experiences and grades (e.g., overall GPA, and past research experience). To help you understand what we do, I recommend that you read some of the following recent papers, which you can obtain through the links below: Kalisvaart et al., 2022 in Translational Stroke Research, Fedor et al., 2022 in Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, and Liddle et al., 2020 in Translational Stroke Research. Learning and advancement opportunities include:

Basic science and clinical knowledge of stroke, cardiac arrest and related disciplines (e.g., brain trauma).
A wide range of interdisciplinary research methods, as noted below (e.g., from analyzing elements to assessing behaviour).
How to conduct research with a high level of scientific and translational rigour.
Oral presentation skills (lab meetings and conferences).
Writing skills (reports, applications and papers). Most importantly, many of the undergraduates in my lab have earned authorship on papers.
Organizational and networking skills (e.g., working in a team setting).
Knowledge of other academic issues (e.g., teaching and service).
Collaborators and friends.
Funding. Many students in my lab obtain competitive awards.
All of this means that my students have strong applications to graduate school (psychology and neuroscience), postdoctoral positions, or professional programs (MD, OT, etc.).

Lab Methods We Use:

Behavioral assays (motor, sensory and cognitive tests),
Biochemical assays (hemoglobin, iron, etc.),
Blood brain barrier assays (Evan's blue and Gd extravasation),
Cerebral edema (brain swelling assay),
Drug administration (IP, SC, IV, ICV, and osmotic mini-pump delivery),
Light microscopy (frozen and vibratome; CV, H&E, and other stains)
Electron microscopy
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (for Na, K, Fe, Gd, etc.)
Rehabilitation protocols (environmental enrichment and skill reaching training),
Statistical procedures (ANOVA, regression, and meta-analysis),
Stroke models (intracerebral hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, and global ischemia),
Telemetry recordings (body and brain temperature, blood pressure and heart rate, intracranial pressure, and EEG),
Therapeutic hypothermia (local and systemic protocols),
Unbiased stereology (cell density and volume assessment) and lesion volume determination,
X-ray fluorescence imaging (for K, Cl, Fe, etc.) and related methods (e.g., Fourier-transform infrared imaging).

Lab Research Funding:

Current Operating Grants (Colbourne is PI):

CIHR (Intra-arterial chilled saline and external cooling to treat severe ischemic stroke; 2019 - 2024).
CIHR (Brain cell volume reduction in animal models and people with intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke; 2021 - 2026).

Past Operating Grants: CIHR, HSFC, NSERC, NCE.

Past Salary Support (FC): Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research, Alberta Innovates - Health Solutions, and Canada Research Chairs (Tier 1).

Announcements

Five Most Recent Publications from my Graduate and Undergraduate Students:

Fedor, B., Sander, N., MacLaren, M., Liddle, L.J., MacLellan, C.L. and Colbourne, F. Motor rehabilitation provides modest functional benefits after intracerebral hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis of translational rehabilitation studies. Translational Stroke Research, in press, October 23, 2023.
Wilkinson*, C.M., Kalisvaart*, A., Kung, T.F.C., Abrahart, A.H., Khiabani, E. and Colbourne, F. Tissue Compliance and Intracranial Pressure Responses to Large Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Young and Aged Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Hypertension, in press Oct. 12, 2023.
Kung, T.F.C., Wilkinson, C.M., Liddle, L.J., and Colbourne, F. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy of glibenclamide in animal models of intracerebral hemorrhage. PLOS One, in press September 18, 2023.
Eberle, M., Thorkelsson, A., Liddle, L., Almekhlafi, M., and Colbourne, F. Longer periods of hypothermia provide greater protection against focal ischemia: a systematic review of animal studies manipulating treatment duration. Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management, in press August 3, 2023.
Liddle, L.J., Huang, Y.-G., Kung, T., Mergenthaler, P., Colbourne, F. and Buchan, A. An assessment of physical and N6-Cyclohexyladenosine induced hypothermia in rodent distal focal ischemic stroke. Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management, in press May 5, 2023.

Five Most Recent Grad and Undergrad Student Awards (past year):

Nov. 5: Lane Liddle won an AGES award.
Sept. 7: Elmira Khiabani won the Brendan Gail Rule Graduate Scholarship.
Aug. 8: Angely Suerte won a recruitment scholarship.
June 5: Anna Kalisvaart won a Izaak Walton Killam Memorial Scholarship.
April 26: Brittany Fedor and Cassandra Wilkinson (now graduated) won Graduate Student Teaching Awards.

Grad and Undergrad Students Who Recently Graduated:

April 2023: Megan Eberle, Noam Sander and Katherine Souter completed their NMHI honors. Angely Suerte completed her psych honors program.

Courses

PSYCH 403 - Recent Advances in Experimental Psychology: Models and Theories

Discussion of advanced concepts and theories developed by selected fields within experimental psychology. The course will examine the relation between theory and data in these fields. Prerequisites: STAT 141 or 151 or 161 or SCI 151 and a 300-level PSYCH course. Students must check with the Department for the topics for the year and any additional prerequisites. [Faculty of Science]

Winter Term 2024

PSYCH 505 - Conference Course in Psychology

[Faculty of Science]

Winter Term 2024

Browse more courses taught by Fred Colbourne

Featured Publications

Motor rehabilitation provides modest functional benefits after intracerebral hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis of translational rehabilitation studies.

Fedor, B., Sander, N., MacLaren, M., Liddle, L.J., MacLellan, C.L. and Colbourne, F.

Translational Stroke Research. 2023 October; 10.1007/s12975-023-01205-w

Tissue Compliance and Intracranial Pressure Responses to Large Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Young and Aged Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Wilkinson, C.M., Kalisvaart, A.C.J., Kung, T.F.C., Abrahart, A.H., Khiabani, E. and Colbourne, F.

Hypertension. 2023 October; 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.21628

Longer periods of hypothermia provide greater protection against focal ischemia: a systematic review of animal studies manipulating treatment duration.

Eberle, M., Thorkelsson, A., Liddle, L., Almekhlafi, M., and Colbourne, F.

Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management. 2023 October; 10.1089/ther.2023.0042

A systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy of glibenclamide in animal models of intracerebral hemorrhage.

Kung, T.F.C., Wilkinson, C.M., Liddle, L.J., and Colbourne, F.

PLOS One. 2023 September; 10.1371/journal.pone.0292033

An assessment of physical and N6-Cyclohexyladenosine induced hypothermia in rodent distal focal ischemic stroke.

Liddle, L.J., Huang, Y.-G., Kung, T., Mergenthaler, P., Colbourne, F. and Buchan, A.

Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management. 2023 May; 10.1089/ther.2023.0025

Relationship Between Edema and Intracranial Pressure following Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rat

Kalisvaart, A. C. J., Bahr, N. and Colbourne, F.

Frontiers in Stroke. 2023 March; 2 10.3389/fstro.2023.1155937

Intracranial pressure responses after severe intracerebral hemorrhage in middle-aged rats.

Kalisvaart, A.C.J., Coney, A.T., Abrahart, A.A., Gu, S. and Colbourne, F.

Translational Stroke Research. 2022 November; 10.1007/s12975-022-01102-8

Colchicine pre-treatment and post-treatment does not worsen bleeding or functional outcome after collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage.

Wilkinson, C.M., Katsanos, A.H. Sander, N., Kung, T.F.C., Colbourne, F. and Shoamanesh, A.

PLOS One. 2022 October; 10.1371/journal.pone.0276405

Early, intense rehabilitation fails to improve outcome after intra-striatal hemorrhage in rats.

Fedor, B., Kalisvaart, A., Ralhan, S., Kung, T., MacLaren, M. and Colbourne, F.

Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair. 2022 October; 36 10.1177/15459683221137342

Consensus recommendations on therapeutic hypothermia after minimally invasive intracerebral hemorrhage evacuation from the hypothermia for intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH) working group.

Baker, T.S., Kellner, C.P., Colbourne, F., Rincon, F., Kollmar, R., Badjatia, N., Dangayach, N., Mocco, J., Selim, M. H., Lyden, P., Polderman, K. and Mayer, S.

Frontiers in Neurology. 2022 June; in press 10.3389/fneur.2022.859894

An ambiguous role for fever in worsening outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage.

Liddle, L., Dirks, C., Almekhlafi, M., and Colbourne. F.

Translational Stroke Research. 2022 March; 10.1007/s12975-022-01010-x

“A Spectroscopic Picture Paints 1000 Words” Mapping Iron Speciation in Brain Tissue with “Full Spectrum Per Pixel” X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure Spectroscopy

Hackett, M.J., Ellison, G., Hollings, A., Colbourne, F., DeJonge, M.D., Howard, D.L.

Clinical Spectroscopy. 2021 October;

Targeting focal ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke neuroprotection: current prospects for local hypothermia

Liddle, L., Kalisvaart, A., Abrahart, A., Almekhlafi, M., Demchuk, A. and Colbourne, F.

Journal of Neurochemistry. 2021 September;

Therapeutic hypothermia for intracerebral hemorrhage: systematic review and meta-analysis of the experimental and clinical literature.

Baker, T.S., Durbin, J., Troiani, Z., Ascanio-Cortez, L., Barron, R., Costa, A., Rincon, F., Colbourne, F., Lyden, P., Mayer, S.A., and Kellner, C.P.

International Journal of Stroke. 2021 August;

Glibenclamide does not improve outcome following severe collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage in rats.

Kung, T.F.C., Wilkinson, C.M., Dirks, C.A., Jickling, G.C., and Colbourne, F.

PLOS One. 2021 May;

A systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies testing intra-arterial chilled infusates after ischemic stroke.

Liddle, L.J., Dirks, C., Fedor, B., Almekhlafi, M. and Colbourne, F.

Frontiers in Neurology. 2021 January; 11

An update to the Monro-Kellie Doctrine to reflect tissue compliance after severe ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.

Kalisvaart, A.C.J., Wilkinson, C.M., Gu, S., Kung, T., Yager, J., Winship, I., van Landeghem, F. and Colbourne, F.

Scientific Reports. 2020 December; 10 10.1038/s41598-020-78880-4

Intracranial pressure after intracerebral hemorrhage: A translational perspective.

Wilkinson, C. M., Kung, T., Jickling, G. and Colbourne, F.

Brain Hemorrhages. 2020 October;

Infusion of cold saline into the carotid artery does not affect outcome after intrastriatal hemorrhage

Liddle, L. J., Prokop, B., Dirks, C., Demchuk, A., Almekhlafi, M.A., and Colbourne, F.

Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management. 2020 September; 10 10.1089/ther.2020.0010

Translational intracerebral hemorrhage research: has current neuroprotection research ARRIVEd at a standard for experimental design and reporting?

Liddle, L. J., Ralhan, S., Ward, D. L. and Colbourne, F.

Translational Stroke Research. 2020 June; 11

Therapeutic hypothermia in acute ischemic stroke – A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Kuczynski, A.M., Marzoughi, S., Sultan, A.S., Colbourne, F., Menon, B., Goyal, M., Demchuk, A.M. and Almekhlafi, M.A.

Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports. 2020 May; 20 10.1007/s11910-020-01029-3

The Collagenase Model of Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Awake, Freely Moving Animals: The Effects of Isoflurane.

Wilkinson, C.M., Kalisvaart, A.C.J. Kung, T.F.C., Maisey, D.R., Klahr, A.C., Dickson, C.T., Colbourne, F.

Brain Research. 2020 February; 1728

A review of ex vivo elemental mapping methods to directly image homeostasis of diffusible ions (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-) within brain tissue.

Hartnell, D., Andrews, W., Smith, N., McCullum, E., Rajan, R., Colbourne, F., Takechi, R., Lam, V., Pushie, M. J., Kelly, M. and Hackett, M.J.

Frontiers in Neuroscience. 2020 January; 13 10.3389/fnins.2019.01415

Hypothermia: impact on plasticity following brain injury

Kalisvaart, A., Prokop, B. and Colbourne, F.

Brain Circulation. 2019 December; 5

Poly-arginine-18 peptides do not exacerbate bleeding or improve functional outcomes following collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage in the rat

Liddle, L., Reinders, R., South, S., Blacker, D., Knuckey, N., Colbourne, F. and Meloni, B.

PLOS One. 2019 November; 14

Sex differences in central nervous system plasticity and pain in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Catuneanu, A., Paylor, J.W., Winship, I., Colbourne, F., and Kerr, B.

Pain. 2019 May; 160 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001483

Glibenclamide, a Sur1-Trpm4 antagonist, does not improve outcome after collagenase induced intracerebral hemorrhage

Wilkinson, C., Brar, P.S., Balay, C.J. and Colbourne, F.

PLOS One. 2019 May; 14

Failure of bumetanide to improve outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage in rat.

Wilkinson, C., Fedor, B., Aziz, J., Nadeau, C., Brar, P., Clark, J.J. and Colbourne, F.

PLOS One. 2019 January; 14 (5)

N-acetylcysteine blocks ALOX5-induced ferroptosis and synergizes with PGE2 to treat brain hemorrhage

Karuppagounder, S. S., Alin, L., Chen, Y., Brand, D. Bourassa, M. W., Dietrich, K., Wilkinson, C., Nadeau, C. A., Perry, S., Pinto, J., Darley-Usmar, V., Sanchez, S., Milne, G. L., Pratico, D., Holman, T. R., Colbourne, F. and Ratan, R. R.

Annals of Neurology. 2018 October; 84 10.1002/ana.25356

Acetazolamide mitigates intracranial pressure spikes without affecting functional outcome after experimental hemorrhagic stroke

Williamson, M. R., Wilkinson, C. M., Dietrich, K. and Colbourne, F.

Translational Stroke Research. 2018 September; 10

Hyperoxia enhances slow-wave forebrain states in urethane anesthetized and naturally sleeping rats

Hauer, B. Negash, B., Chan, K., Vuong, W., Colbourne, F., Pagliardini, S, and Dickson, C.

Journal of Neurophysiology. 2018 September; 120 10.1152/jn.00373.2018

Prolonged Blood-Brain Barrier Injury Occurs After Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Is Not Acutely Associated with Additional Bleeding

Nadeau, C., Dietrich, K., Wilkinson, C., Crawford, A., George, G., Nichol, H. and Colbourne, F.

Translational Stroke Research. 2018 June; 10

Mild contralesional hypothermia reduces use of the unimpaired limb in a skilled reaching task after motor cortex injury in rat.

Klahr, A.C., Fagan, K., Aziz, J.R., John, R. and Colbourne, F.

Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management. 2018 June; 8 10.1089/ther.2017.0037

Measurement of Intracranial Pressure in Freely Moving Rats

Williamson, M., John, R. and Colbourne, F.

Methods Mol Biol. 2018 January; 1717

Temperature control in rodent neuroprotection studies: methods and challenges.

Klahr, A., Nadeau, C. and Colbourne, F.

Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management. 2017 March; 7 10.1089/ther.2016.0018

Evidence for decreased brain parenchymal volume after large intracerebral hemorrhages: a potential mechanism limiting intracranial pressure rises.

Williamson, M.R. and Colbourne, F.

Translational Stroke Research. 2017 January; 8

Rehabilitation augments hematoma clearance and attenuates oxidative injury and ion dyshomeostasis after brain hemorrhage.

Williamson, M.J., Dietrich, K., Hackett, M.J., Caine, S., Nadeau, C., Aziz, J., Nichol, H., Paterson, P.G., and Colbourne, F.

Stroke. 2016 November; 48 10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.015404

Altered excitatory-inhibitory balance within somatosensory cortex is associated with enhanced plasticity and pain sensitivity in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis

Potter, L., Paylor, J., Suh, J., Tenorio, G., Caliaperumal, I., Colbourne, F., Baker, G., Winship, I. and Kerr, B.

Journal of Neuroinflammation. 2016 June; 13 10.1186/s12974-016-0609-4

Therapeutic targeting of oxygen-sensing prolyl-hydroxylase domain enzymes abrogates atf4-dependent death and improves outcomes from brain hemorrhage.

Karuppagounder, S.S., Alim, I., Khim S.J., Bourassa, M.W., Sleiman, S.F., John, R.F., Thinnes, C.C., Yeh, T.-L., Demetriades, M., Neitemeier, S., Cruz, D., Gazaryan, I., Killilea, D., Morgenstern, L., Xi, G.H., Keep, R.F., Schallert, T., Tappero, R.V., Zhong, J., Cho, S., Maxfield, F.R., Holman, T.R., Culmsee, C., Fong, G.H., Cave, J., Schofield, C.J., Colbourne, F., Coppola, G., Ratan, R.R

Science Translation Medicine. 2016 March; 8 10.1126/scitranslmed.aac6008

Rehabilitation improves behavioral recovery and lessens cell death without affecting iron, ferritin, transferrin or inflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats

Caliaperumal, J. and Colbourne, F.

Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair. 2013 December; 28

Ferric iron chelation lowers brain iron levels after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats but does not improve outcome

Auriat, A., Silasi, G., Wei, Z., Paquette, R., Paterson, P., Nichol, H. and Colbourne, F.

Experimental Neurology. 2013 December; 234

Bipyridine, an iron chelator, does not lessen intracerebral iron-induced damage or improve outcome after intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke in rats.

Caliaperumal, J., Wowk, S., Jones, S., Ma, Y. and Colbourne, F.

Translational Stroke Research. 2013 December; 4

Postischemic diazepam does not reduce hippocampal CA1 injury and does not improve hypothermic neuroprotection

Davies, L., MacLellan, C., Corbett, D. and Colbourne, F.

Brain Research. 2013 July; 1013

Intraparenchymal ferrous iron infusion causes neuronal atrophy, cell death and progressive tissue loss: implications for intracerebral hemorrhage

Caliaperumal, J., Ma, Y. and Colbourne, F.

Experimental Neurology. 2012 October; 15

Rehabilitation after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats improves recovery with enhanced dendritic complexity but no effect on cell proliferation.

Auriat, A., Wowk, S. and Colbourne, F.

Behavioral Brain Research. 2010 December; 214

Rodent models of intracerebral hemorrhage.

MacLellan, C., Silasi, G., Auriat, A. and Colbourne, F.

Stroke. 2010 October; 41[suppl 1]

Secondary damage in the spinal cord following motor cortex injury in rats.

Weishaupt, N., Silasi, G., Colbourne, F. and Fouad, K.

Journal of Neurotrauma. 2010 August; 27

Failure of deferoxamine, an iron chelator, to improve outcome after collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage in rats.

Warkentin, L., Auriat, A., Wowk, S. and Colbourne, F.

Brain Research. 2010 January; 1309

Treatments (12 and 48 h) with systemic and brain-selective hypothermia techniques after permanent focal cerebral ischemia in rat.

Clark, D., Penner, M., Wowk, S., Orellana-Jordan, I. and Colbourne, F.

Experimental Neurology. 2009 December; 220

Transient global cerebral ischemia produces morphologically necrotic, not apoptotic neurons.

Colbourne, F. and Auer, R.

Acute Neuronal Injury. 2009 September;

Treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage in rats with 12 h, 3 days and 6 days of selective brain hypothermia.

Fingas, M., Penner, M., Silasi, G. and Colbourne, F.

Experimental Neurology. 2009 September; 219

Long-term assessment of motor and cognitive behaviors in the intraluminal perforation model of subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats.

Silasi, G. and Colbourne, F.

Behavioral Brain Research. 2009 March; 198

Progressive brain damage and alterations in dendritic arborization after collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage in rats.

Nguyen, A., Huynh, H., Sjovold, S. and Colbourne, F.

Current Neurovascular Research. 2008 August; 5 10.2174/156720208785425710

Increased behavioral and histological variability arising from changes in cerebrovascular anatomy of the Mongolian gerbil.

Laidley, D. T., Colbourne, F. and Corbett, D.

Current Neurovascular Research. 2005 December; 2

17ß-Estradiol pretreatment reduces CA1 sector cell death and the spontaneous hyperthermia that follows forebrain ischemia in gerbil.

Plahta, W. C., Clark, D. L. and Colbourne, F.

Neuroscience. 2004 January; 129

Postischemic Hypothermia Provides Long-Term Neuroprotection in Rodents

Colbourne, F. and Corbett, D.

Hypothermia and Cerebral Ischemia. 2004 January;

Effects of delayed cooling on a striatal hemorrhagic stroke in rats.

MacLellan, C. L., Shuaib, A. and Colbourne, F.

Maturation Phenomenon in Cerebral Ischemia V. 2004 January;

Constraint-induced movement therapy and rehabilitation exercises lessen motor deficits and the volume of brain injury following striatal hemorrhagic stroke in rats.

DeBow, S., Davies, M., Clarke, H., Colbourne, F.

Stroke. 2003 March; 24

A robust, efficient and flexible method for staining myelinated axons in immersion-fixed brain.

Wahlsten, D., Colbourne, F. and Pleus, R.

Journal of Neuroscience Methods. 2003 March; 123

Hypothermia rescues hippocampal CA1 neurons and attenuates downregulation of the AMPA receptor subunit GluR2 after forebrain ischemia.

Colbourne, F. Grooms, S.Y., Zukin, R.S., Buchan A.M. and Bennett M.V.L.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (U.S.A.). 2003 March; 100(5)

Delayed transient ischemic attacks kill some CA1 neurons previously salvaged with postischemic hypothermia: neuroprotection undone.

DeBow, S., Colbourne, F.

Brain Research. 2003 January; 959

Prolonged but delayed postischemic hypothermia: a long-term outcome study in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model.

Colbourne, F., Corbett D., Zhao, Z., Yang, J. and Buchan A.M.

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. 2000 December; 20

Persistent neuroprotection with prolonged postischemic hypothermia in adult rats subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion.

Corbett, D., Hamilton, M. and Colbourne, F.

Experimental Neurology. 2000 May; 163

Continuing postischemic neuronal death in CA1 - influence of ischemia duration, and cytoprotective doses of NBQX and SNX-111

Colbourne, F., Li, H. and Buchan A.M.

Stroke. 1999 March; 30

Delayed postischemic hypothermia: a six month survival study using behavioral and histological assessments of neuroprotection.

Colbourne, F. and Corbett, D.

Journal of Neuroscience. 1995 November; 15

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