Survey of Scandinavian life and achievement, past and present, with emphasis on social and cultural conditions against a geographical and historical background. All lectures and readings are in English. Note: Credit may be obtained for only one of AUGEO 242 and AUSCA 231.

Supervised research project and intensive study of a specific area of geography as defined by the student and a supervising instructor. Prerequisite: *6 in Geography. Admission to the course normally requires a minimum GPA of 3.0 in Geography. An Application for Individual Study must be completed and approved before registration in the course. AUGEO 301 is classified as a science course.

Supervised research project and intensive study of a specific area of geography as defined by the student and a supervising instructor. Prerequisite: *6 in Geography. Admission to the course normally requires a minimum GPA of 3.0 in Geography. An Application for Individual Study must be completed and approved before registration in the course. AUGEO 302 is classified as an arts course.

Examination of the biophysical environments, resources, economics, and settlements of northern regions of Canada. Prerequisites: One of AUPED 184, 283, 284, 286; *3 in Geography and consent of the instructor. Notes: This course is intended to be taken in sequence with AUGEO 343 or AUPED 388. Credit may be obtained for only one of AUGEO 341 and AUPED 387. AUGEO 341 is classified as an arts course.

Examination, involving a three- to four-week expedition in the summer, of the biophysical environments, resources, economics, and settlements of northern regions of Canada. Prerequisites: AUGEO 341 or AUPED 387, and consent of the instructor(s). Notes: Expedition costs, as well as course tuition, are the student's responsibility. Credit may be obtained for only one of AUGEO 343 and AUPED 388. Requires payment of additional student instructional support fees. Refer to the Tuition and Fees page in the University Regulations section of the Calendar.

Supervised research project and intensive study of a specific area of geography as defined by the student and a supervising instructor. Prerequisite: *6 in science Geography. Notes: Admission to the course normally requires a minimum GPA of 3.0 in Geography. An Application for Individual Study must be completed and approved before registration in the course. AUGEO 401 is classified as a science course.

Supervised research project and intensive study of a specific area of geography as defined by the student and a supervising instructor. Prerequisite: *6 in Geography. Notes: Admission to the course normally requires a minimum GPA of 3.0 in Geography. An Application for Individual Study must be completed and approved before registration in the course. AUGEO 402 is classified as an arts course.