This course will use a combination of approaches to evaluate the origins and modern usage of foundational ideas and studies in ecology. Topics may include diversity gradients, niche theory, life-histories & strategies, multi-trophic networks and ecological stability. Seminars are the same as for BIOL 408 but with additional assignments and evaluations appropriate for graduate studies. Prerequisite: Consent of Department. Credit cannot be obtained for both BIOL 408 and BIOL 508.