The first of two design courses that must be taken in the same academic year. Student teams research, propose, design, develop, document, prototype, and present a practical engineering system or device; teams exercise creativity and make assumptions and decisions based on technical knowledge. This first course includes project definition, planning, and initial prototyping. Formal reports and presentation of the project proposal is required. Prerequisite ECE 312. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 490 or E E 400.

The second of two design courses that must be taken in the same academic year, in which student teams develop an electronic system or device from concept to working prototype. Emphasis is placed on continued execution of the project plan developed in ECE 490. Formal interim and final reports are required; groups demonstrate and present their designs. Prerequisite: ECE 490 or E E 400 in the preceding Fall term. Co-requisite: ECE 303. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 491 or E E 401.

Design of microprocessor systems, input/output systems, programmable timers, address decoding and interrupt circuitry. This course has a major laboratory component and requires the design and implementation of a microprocessor-based system. Prerequisites: ECE 315 or CMPE 401, and ECE 410 or CMPE 480. Credit may be obtained in only one of CMPE 450, 490, or ECE 492.

Design of software systems from concept to working prototype. Applying software engineering techniques. Working in small groups under constraints commonly experienced in industry. Exposing each team member to the design, implementation, documentation, and testing phases of the project. Managing software development projects. Provides a capstone experience in software development processes. Prerequisite: ECE 421 or CMPE 410. Credit may be obtained in only one of CMPE 440 or ECE 493.

The first of two design courses that must be taken in the same academic year. Students research and propose a design project to enhance or create an engineering system, process or device; they exercise creativity and make assumptions and decisions based on technical knowledge. This first course includes project definition, planning, and initial prototyping or design. Formal reports and presentation of the project proposal is required. Prerequisite: Completion of at least three years of study in the program or by consent of the Instructor. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 494 or E E 494.

The second of two design courses that must be taken in the same academic year, in which students implement an engineering system, process or device. Emphasis is placed on continued execution of the project plan developed in ECE 494. Prerequisite: ECE 494 in the preceding Fall Term. Credit may be obtained in only one of ECE 495 or E E 495

Review of probability theory, random variables, probability distribution and density functions, characteristic functions, convergence of random sequences, and laws of large numbers. Analysis of random processes, including stationarity, ergodicity, autocorrelation functions power spectral density, and transformation of random processes through linear systems. Application to communication systems.

Design of advanced digital circuits and systems using synthesis CAD tools. Topics include design flow, hierarchical design, hardware description languages such as VHDL, synthesis, design verification, IC test, chip-scale synchronous design, field programmable gate arrays, mask programmable gate arrays, CMOS circuits and IC process technology. For the project, students will design and implement a significant digital system using field programmable gate arrays.

Production testing versus design verification of digital VLSI/ULSI systems. Economics of testing. Defect distributions, yield analysis, and minimum fault coverage requirements. Fault modelling, fault simulation, and automatic test pattern generation. Memory testing. Iddq current-based testing. Design for testability (DFT) rules and strategies. Scan chain based DFT. Built-in self-test (BIST) circuits and architectures. The IEEE JTAG boundary scan and embedded core test standards. Advanced testing topics.

Understanding needs of software-intensive systems. Converting the statement of needs into complete and unambiguous description of the requirements. Techniques for elicitation, analysis, and specification of requirements. Mapping of requirements into a description of their implementation. Software design techniques for capturing and expressing a different view of the system. Elements of architectural design, abstract specification, interface design, data structure and algorithm design.

Construction of software components identified and described in design documents. Translation of a design into an implementation language. Program coding styles. Concepts, methods, processes, and techniques supporting the ability of a software system to change, evolve, and survive. Verification of software ensuring fulfillment of the requirements. Validation of software products at different stages of development: unit testing, integration testing, system testing, performance testing, and acceptance testing.

Introduction to power disturbances and power quality; Generation, characterization, mitigation and analysis of key power disturbances: harmonics, voltage sags and swells, and electromagnetic transients. Disturbance signal processing; Case studies using transients and harmonics programs; Application of power quality standards and practical aspects of power quality assessment; custom power technologies; Power signaling technology, i.e. applications of power disturbances for information transmission and extraction purposes; Generation of disturbances for power line communication and active condition monitoring; Current developments.

Variable speed control of induction motors; soft-starts. Utility interface of drives; pwm, csi and vvi drive systems; slip-energy recovery drives; medium voltage drives; application issues of industrial drive systems. Prerequisite: E E 332 and E E 431 or equivalent.

Bayesian hypothesis testing model, likelihood ratio test (LRT), minimax test, Neyman-Pearson test, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), Bayesian estimation, linear least-squares (LS) estimation; maximum-likelihood (ML) estimation, composite hypothesis testing, introduction to signal detection. Prerequisite: ECE 502 or equivalent.

Discrete-time signals and systems, Discrete Fourier Transform, Fast Fourier Transform, Fourier analysis, short-time Fourier transform, wavelet transform. Digital filters, optimal filter design, polyphase filterbanks, subband analysis. Random signal analysis, Karhunen-Loève expansion, power spectrum estimation, autoregressive models.

The course will cover the fundamentals and recent advances in the area of digital image processing. Topics will include digital image fundamentals, image enhancement, image denoising, image restoration, morphological image processing, image transforms, image segmentation, feature extraction, image classification, and machine learning methods.

Review of energy-band theory of crystalline materials and Bloch's theorem. Semiclassical electron dynamics, including electrons, holes, crystal momentum, particle motion, and effective mass. Carrier statistics. Fermi's golden rule and carrier scattering. Relaxation times and carrier mobility. The Boltzmann transport equation, the method of moments, and the drift-diffusion equations. Advanced transport and applications to emerging ECE Calendar changes electronic devices. Prerequisite: An undergraduate course in solid-state devices or physics, or consent of the instructor.

Review of semiconductor fundamentals. Analysis of metal-semiconductor (MS), metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) and semiconductor heterojunctions including band diagram, depletion approximation, C-V and I-V characteristics. Advanced MOSFETs including short channel effects and scaling theory. Introduction to III-V FETs.

MOS devices and modelling. Processing and layout. CMOS design rules. Basic current mirrors and single-stage amplifiers. High-output impedance current mirrors. MOS differential pair and gain stage. Basic opamp design and compensation. Two-stage CMOS opamp. Feedback and opamp compensation. Advanced current mirrors and opamps. Folded-cascode opamp. Current-mirror opamp. Fully differential opamps. Common-mode feedback circuits. Switched-capacitor circuits. Basic building blocks. Basic operation and analysis. First-order filters. Biquad filters. Continuous-time filters. CMOS transconductors. MOSFET-C filters. Noise analysis. Note: Only one of the following courses may be taken for credit: ECE 551 or E E 633.

Review of semiconductor materials, integrated circuit processing, and basic design flows using CAD tools. Electrical characteristics of interconnect, passive elements, diodes, MOSFETs and logic gates. Sequential elements, memory and datapath circuits. Pad design. Chip-level design including power and clock distribution. Scaling theory. Testing and design for testability. Emerging technologies. Note: Only one of the following courses may be taken for credit: ECE 553 or E E 483 or 653.

Vacuum principles: gas kinetics and flow, pumping speed theory, pumping methods, pressure, measurement, sorption processes, vacuum system design basics. Thin film growth by sputtering, evaporation and chemical techniques. Characterization and classification of optical, electrical and mechanical properties. Applications of thin films. Note: May not be taken for credit if credit has already been obtained in either E E 641 or 642.

The fabrication process for microelectronics and MEMs applications. Overview of processing steps: silicon wafer material, oxidation, lithography, diffusion, etching and ion implantation, chemical and physical vapor deposition, metallization. Process model. Yield, packaging, and assembly.

State space models of linear systems, solutions of linear state equations (time-invariant and time-varying systems). Controllability and observability. State space realizations, multivariable system descriptions, matrix polynomial and factorization. State feedback, eigenvalue assignment. State observers. Observer based state feedback control. Youla parameterization and all stabilizing controllers.

Nonlinear system examples. Stability in the sense of Lyapunov. Lyapunov functions. The invariance principle. Lyapunov-based design. Backstepping. Input-output stability. Passivity and small-gain theorems. Input to state stability. Dissipativity. Note: Only one of the following courses may be taken for credit: ECE 561 or E E 666.

This course offers an in-depth study of deep reinforcement learning with an emphasis on robotics. Students will explore both the theory and implementation of state-of-the-art reinforcement learning algorithms through readings, assignments, and projects.

Review of techniques and applications in compational electromagnetics. Finite-Difference Time-Domain solution of Maxwell's equations: boundary conditions, numerical stability, numerical dispersion, near-to-far field transformation. Introduction to Finite-Elements Technique: basis and weighting functions, Galerkin's method, nodal and edge elements, variational formulation, applications. Introduction to the Method of Moments: integral formulation of electrostatics, Green's function, point matching and Galerkin's method, treatment of open regions.

Optical resonators. Interaction of radiation and atomic systems. Fabry-Perot lasers, specific laser systems. Modelocked and Q-switched lasers. Second-harmonic generation and parametric oscillation, electro-optic modulation of laser beams. Interaction of light with sound. Semiconductor lasers: theory and applications. Ultrafast lasers and phenomena.

Fundamental description of nonlinear optical phenomena in terms of higher order susceptibilities, quantum theory of nonlinear susceptibility, density matrix approach, rabi oscillations, optical bloch equations, Various specific nonlinear phenomena: electro-optic modulation, acousto-optic modulation, harmonic generation and frequency conversion, stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering and amplification, parametric oscillation and amplification, self phase modulation, soliton propagation, and photorefractive effects, Applications to optical switching.

Review of basic electromagnetic concepts, wave equations, propagation and its solutions, reflection, transmission and scattering, waveguides and resonators, electromagnetic theorems and principles, vector potentials, construction of solutions, and radiation, analytical techniques and applications.

Mechanisms of radiation and propagation, fundamental Antenna parameters, antenna array analysis and synthesis, source modeling, traditional and low-profile resonant antennas, broadband antennas, aperture and horn antennas, antenna-measurement facilities and techniques, special topics addressing recent developments in antenna theory and design. Prerequisites: E E 315 or equivalent, and E E 470 and/or E E 478 or equivalent considered an asset.

Principles of microwave and millimeter-wave circuit design, various transmission lines and their frequency dependency behavior, transition between different transmission lines, standard components realization and their analysis and applications, Emerging technologies and state of the art microwave and millimeter-wave circuit realization, System and higher level integration with focus on configurations and technological challenges, measurement techniques and instruments.

This course will cover theoretical foundations, numerical models, practical applications, and emerging research topics related to radio wave propagation, enabling students to understand and analyze complex propagation scenarios encountered in wireless communication systems.

Information theory as applied to digital signals. Source coding. The channel coding theorem, linear error control codes, and algebraic error correction coding. Concatenation of codes and iterative decoding.

Analysis and design of digital communication systems based on probability theory and signal space representation. Comparison of different modulation techniques in terms of performance and resource usage. Performance of various detection methods in AWGN and other types of channels.

Basics of how to prepare a good research proposal. Preparation of a report defining the proposed MSc thesis research. Presentations by MSc students on their thesis research proposal.

Basics of how to prepare a good research proposal. Preparation of a report defining the proposed PhD thesis research. Presentations by PhD students on their thesis research proposal.

Learning, adaptation, self-organization and evolution. Data preprocessing, feature selection and generation. Exploratory data analysis. Optimization methods, genetic algorithms, evolutionary programming, evolution strategies, genetic programming. Alternative paradigms, artificial immune systems, swarm intelligence. Applications.

Developments in human-centric systems. Fuzzy sets and information granulation. Computing with fuzzy sets: logic operators, mapping, fuzzy relational calculus. Fuzzy models and rule-based models. Fuzzy neural networks. Fuzzy clustering and unsupervised learning.

Approaches, techniques and tools for data analysis and knowledge discovery. Introduction to machine learning, data mining, and the knowledge discovery process; data storage including database management systems, data warehousing, and OLAP; testing and verification methodologies; data preprocessing including missing data imputation and discretization; supervised learning including decision trees, Bayesian classification and networks, support vector machines, and ensemble methods; unsupervised learning methods including association mining and clustering; information retrieval.

Introductory and advanced topics in neural networks and connectionist systems. Fast backpropagation techniques including Levenberg-Marquardt and conjugate-gradient algorithms. Regularization theory. Information-theoretic learning, statistical learning, dynamic programming, neurodynamics, complex-valued neural networks.

Representation, processing, and application of knowledge in emerging concepts of Semantic Web: ontology, ontology construction, and ontology integration; propositional, predicate and description logics; rules and reasoning; Semantic Web services; Folksonomy and Social Web; Semantic Web applications.

This course covers high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems and associated power electronic converter topologies, with substantial attention given to line commutated converter (LCC) and modular multilevel converter (MMC) technologies. Major topics include i) modeling, analysis, operation and control of classical HVDC systems using six-pulse and multi-pulse LCCs, ii) modeling, analysis, operation and control of voltage-sourced converter based HVDC systems, iii) modeling, analysis, operation and control of the MMC for HVDC applications, iv) overview of multiterminal HVDC schemes including HVDC grids, introduction to HVDC line power tapping and Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) Controllers.

Analysis of electromagnetic transients in electrical power systems. Computer-aided analysis of electronic circuits. Models of commonly used power system components for time-domain simulation: linear and nonlinear elements, transmission lines, transformers machines, models for the latest power electronic compensators, solution algorithms, analog simulators, real-time digital simulations, architectures and algorithms for parallel and distributed simulators. Transient simulation software.

This course covers: power converter topologies (including DC-DC converters, DC-AC converters, two level and multilevel converters, voltage source converters, current source converters). PWM methods (including Sine PWM, Space Vector PWM, Hysteresis PWM, Selective Harmonic Elimination PWM, and PWM for multilevel converters) and implementation techniques. Wind power systems, PV systems, fuel cell systems and the power converters used in these systems. Operation/control issues of renewable energy systems.

Power circuit topologies and energy conversion principles, Large/small-signal and harmonic models, Current and voltage controls (PI, resonant, predictive, sliding mode, etc.), Energy/power control and management, Grid-synchronization and fault-ride-through techniques, Observer-theory applications, Robust and adaptive control techniques, applications in Distributed Generation (DG), Micro-grids, DSTATCOM, Active Power Filter (APF), HVDC-light, etc.

Sampling and Quantization. Digital transforms for multimedia signal processing: DFT, DCT, DST, K-L transform, principal component analysis, subband analysis, wavelet and multi-resolution representation. Image processing: histogram processing, image filtering and enhancement, halftone and dithering for binary image processing, color transforms, color image processing. Video processing: basic video models, spatial-temporal processing of video, morphing and wipe detection, video segmentation and content analysis. Applications: medical imaging, satellite imaging, seismology.

Chemical structure, nomenclature, crystal structure and electronic structure of organic semiconductors. Charge carriers and charge transport in crystalline organic semiconductors, amorphous small-molecule organic semiconductors and conjugated polymers. Luminescence and energy transfer in organic semiconductors. Device applications including organic field effect transistors, organic light emitting diodes and organic solar cells. Characterization of organic semiconductors and devices.

This course is intended to exercise modeling of electronic devices for high performance applications (Digital, High Frequency Analog and Power Electronics). The basic application of physical device principles will be transformed to functional computational device models for system and circuit design applications. Students will implement a transistor model for a device of their choosing using the device physics and modeling concepts developed here.

Introduction to radio frequency circuit concepts including nonlinearity, noise, dynamic range, scattering parameters, and impedance matching. Review of wireless transceiver architectures and wireless standards. Analysis and design of building blocks of wireless transceivers: low-noise amplifiers, voltage-controlled oscillators, mixers, and power amplifiers.

Overview of Micromachining Technologies, Lumped Modeling and Energy Conserving Transducers, Review of Elasticity and Micromechanical Structures, Case Study : Piezoelectric Pressure Sensors, Case Study : Capacitive Accelerometers, Overview of Microfluidics, Case Study : PCR-on-a-chip systems.

Mathematical preliminaries (probability and linear systems); Conditions of optimality in dynamic systems (minimum principle, HJB equation); Linear quadratic (LQ) control; Minimum-time control; Least-squares estimator; Dynamic estimation; Design of various Kalman filters; Design of linear-quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control. Prerequisites: ECE 560 or equivalent.

Nonlinear geometric control and observer design methods for multi-input nonlinear systems. Differential geometric tools including manifolds, Lie derivatives, Lie brackets, distributions, and the Frobenius Theorem. Conditions for local and global exact and partial state feedback linearization. Output tracking design using input-output state feedback linearization. Local and global nonlinear observer design using exact error linearization. Output feedback control including output feedback linearization and output feedback stabilization based on normal forms. Design methods learnt in this course are implemented on a real physical system.

MIMO control systems. Standard setup. Mathematical preliminaries (singular value decomposition, norms, and function spaces), Stability and performance analysis of MIMO control systems. Stabilization. Controller parameterization. Uncertain systems and uncertainty representations. Stability and performance analysis of uncertain control systems. Linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and convex optimization. Modern control design: H-2 and H-infinity optimization via LMIs.

Laser systems, beam optics and laser propagation. Interference and interferometers. Laser matter interactions including laser absorption, energy transport and laser ablation mechanisms. Laser applications in microscale engineering, nanoscale engineering, photonics, science and medical science.

Engineering of plasmas for applications in fusion, space, astrophysics, microelectronic processing, plasma-assisted manufacturing and microwave generation. Characterization of the plasma state, charged particle dynamics in electric and magnetic fields, the two-fluid model, magnetohydrodynamic model, linear and nonlinear waves, atomic and collisional processes, transport properties.

Fundamentals of wireless systems, large and small scale propagation effects in mobile radio channels, cochannel interference, diversity and diversity combining techniques, architecture and capacity of TDMA and CDMA cellular systems. Prerequisites: ECE 583 or consent of instructor and an undergraduate level probability course.

This course is concerned with the architecture, protocols, modeling, and evaluation of wireless communication networks in transport of multimedia traffic. Specifically, this course studies queuing theory, traffic modeling, radio resource allocation, call admission control, access control, multiple access, and mobility management in existing and emerging advanced wireless networks.

This course is intended to provide a firm understanding of the physical and theoretical basis of biomedical optics. Both theoretic aspects of light propagation in tissue as well as practical imaging and sensing systems will be discussed. Single and multiple scattering of light is modeled, and light-transport and diffusion equations are developed. Imaging and sensing platforms including various microscopy technologies, optical-coherence tomography systems, and diffuse-imaging methods are analyzed in detail. Selected topics may include photoacoustic imaging, optical dyes and nanoparticle agents, novel emerging microscopy and deep-tissue imaging technologies, and applications to biological and clinical problems. Prerequisite: consent of Instructor.

Acoustics and imaging systems; acoustic wave propagation, refraction, reflection, and scattering. Rayleigh equation; transient and steady-state radiation characteristics of simple structures. Modeling, design, and characterization of transmitting and receiving transducers, including micromachined ultrasound transducers. Imaging systems; accounting for the stochastic nature of ultrasound images, image quality metrics. Selected topics may include nonlinear acoustics, Doppler estimation of blood flow, photoacoustic imaging, and medical applications.

How markets and governments determine which products are produced and how income is distributed in the Canadian economy. Not open to students with credit in ECON 204.

How markets and governments determine which products are produced and how income is distributed in the Canadian economy. Not open to students with credit in ECON 204.

How markets and governments determine which products are produced and how income is distributed in the Canadian economy. Not open to students with credit in ECON 204.

Employment, inflation, international payments, monetary policy, and fiscal policy, all in the Canadian economy. Prerequisite: ECON 101 or consent of Department. Not open to students with credit in ECON 204.

Employment, inflation, international payments, monetary policy, and fiscal policy, all in the Canadian economy. Prerequisite: ECON 101 or consent of Department. Not open to students with credit in ECON 204.

Employment, inflation, international payments, monetary policy, and fiscal policy, all in the Canadian economy. Prerequisite: ECON 101 or consent of Department. Not open to students with credit in ECON 204.

The course will introduce students to basic writing in the economics discipline. The focus is on developing the ability to write clearly on economic concepts, as well as illustrating results of data analysis. Prerequisite: ECON 101.

Content varies from year to year. Topics announced prior to registration period. Prerequisite: ECON 101. Additional prerequisites may be required; consult the Department for further information.

An introduction to economic principles as applied to business organization and finance; price determination; enterprise costs and output optimization; commercial and central banking; national income analysis. For students enrolled in the Faculty of Engineering only. Not open to students with credit in ECON 101 and/or 102.

A survey of the characteristics of and recent developments in the Chinese economy emphasizing the nature and consequences of China's economic reforms and Canada's economic relations with China. Prerequisite: ECON 101 or equivalent.

A survey of the major approaches to and problems of economic development in the less developed countries with particular emphasis on issues relating to savings and investment, income distribution, employment and population growth, and trade and aid. Prerequisite: ECON 101 and 102 or equivalent. Note: Not open to students with credit or enrolled in ECON 414.

Differences in technology and institutions are used to explain why some countries are richer than others; why economic growth rates differ across time and jurisdictions; and causes of convergence/divergence in cross-country growth rates. Prerequisite: ECON 101 or equivalent.

A survey of the evolution, governance, and current state of economic globalization, including trade of goods and services, foreign direct investment, and immigration, with special attention to its relationship to global poverty reduction, inequality, environment, and populism. Prerequisite: ECON 101. Not open to students with credit or enrolled in ECON 323, ECON 421, or ECON 422.

The development of economic thought in social and political context. Major schools of thought from Greek philosophers up to the Marxist, Classical, and Neoclassical doctrines. Prerequisites: ECON 109, ECON 101 and ECON 102.

Analysis of the development of economic thought in the context of the social and political environments in which these doctrines developed. This analysis begins with the rise of Marginalism and the contributions of Alfred Marshall and the Neoclassicalist School. It covers Keynes and the Keynesians, the New Classicalism of Milton Friedman. The course will also examine the work of the Institutionalists such as Galbraith and the work of Walras, Hicks, and others in formalizing economics. Prerequisites: ECON 109, ECON 101 and ECON 102.

Money is more than a means of exchange; its use and misuse has political, psychological, and sociological consequences. This course explores the role of money in human development through time and space. Prerequisites: ECON 101 and 102.

A survey of the issues in Indigenous economies and an introduction to an economics framework for evaluating social policies that address inequality. Prerequisite: ECON 101.

Critical evaluation of the rational choice model of Economics used to explain religious phenomena. Investigation of the demand and supply factors that explain extremism, the distinction between competition and regulation towards curbing religious cults, the role of club theory in explaining rigid rituals, and the impact of religion on economic development. Prerequisite ECON 101.

Principles of behavioural economics and its theories of decision making. The course focuses on economic experiments, including the study of traditional economic assumptions to explain and predict behaviour and to provide policy prescriptions. Prerequisite: ECON 101.

An introduction to the economics of the electricity sector. The course focuses on the pricing of electricity, market structure, renewable energy, electrification, regulation of utilities, and emerging energy technologies. Prerequisite: ECON 101.