As a part of practicum education for the Pathologists' Assistant specialization, this course will provide rotations in laboratory medicine that include clinical biochemistry, clinical hematology and transfusion medicine, clinical microbiology, and clinical histology, as well as rotations in the pathology laboratories that include autopsy, surgical pathology, pediatric pathology and forensic pathology. The student will be expected to cover specific competencies and objectives and keep a record of cases encountered. A designated preceptor in each rotation will guide student learning and continuously assess student progress.

As a part of practicum education for the Pathologists' Assistant specialization, this course will provide rotations in laboratory medicine that include clinical biochemistry, clinical hematology and transfusion medicine, clinical microbiology, and clinical histology, as well as rotations in the pathology laboratories that include autopsy, surgical pathology, pediatric pathology and forensic pathology. The student will be expected to cover specific competencies and objectives and keep a record of cases encountered. A designated preceptor in each rotation will guide student learning and continuously assess student progress.

As a part of practicum education for the Pathologists' Assistant specialization, this course will provide rotations in autopsy, surgical pathology, pediatric pathology and forensic pathology. The student will be expected to cover specific competencies and objectives and keep a record of cases encountered. A designated preceptor in each rotation will guide student learning and continuously assess student progress.

As a part of practicum education for the Pathologists' Assistant specialization, this course will provide rotations in autopsy, surgical pathology, pediatric pathology and forensic pathology. The student will be expected to cover specific competencies and objectives and keep a record of cases encountered. A designated preceptor in each rotation will guide student learning and continuously assess student progress.

As a part of practicum education for the Pathologists' Assistant specialization, this course will provide rotations in autopsy, surgical pathology, pediatric pathology and forensic pathology (and additional community-based experiences, as available). The student will be expected to cover specific competencies and objectives, and keep a record of cases encountered. A designated preceptor in each rotation will guide student learning and continuously assess student progress.

As a part of practicum education for the Pathologists' Assistant specialization, this course will provide rotations in autopsy, surgical pathology, pediatric pathology and forensic pathology (and additional community-based experiences, as available). The student will be expected to cover specific competencies and objectives, and keep a record of cases encountered. A designated preceptor in each rotation will guide student learning and continuously assess student progress.

As a part of practicum education for the Pathologists' Assistant specialization, this course will provide rotations in autopsy, surgical pathology, pediatric pathology and forensic pathology (and additional community-based experiences, as available). The student will be expected to cover specific competencies and objectives, and keep a record of cases encountered. A designated preceptor in each rotation will guide student learning and continuously assess student progress.

As a part of clinical laboratory practicum education for the Transfusion Science specialization, this course will provide rotations in blood banks, hospitals and cell therapy laboratories. The student will be expected to cover specific competencies and objectives and keep a record of cases encountered. A designated preceptor in each rotation will guide student learning and continuously assess student progress. Prerequisites: LABMP 501 and 502 and permission of the department. (Restricted to MSc Transfusion Science specialization.)

As a part of clinical laboratory practicum education for the Transfusion Science specialization, this course will provide rotations in blood banks, hospitals and cell therapy laboratories. The student will be expected to cover specific competencies and objectives and keep a record of cases encountered. A designated preceptor in each rotation will guide student learning and continuously assess student progress. Prerequisites: LABMP 501 and 502 and permission of the department. (Restricted to MSc Transfusion Science specialization.)

As a part of practicum education for the Molecular Diagnostics specialization, this course will provide a rotation in medical genetics laboratory, (and additional molecular laboratory experiences, as available). The student will be expected to cover specific competencies and objectives and keep a record of cases encountered. Designated preceptors will guide student learning and continuously assess student progress. Prerequisites: LABMP 580, 582, 583 and permission of the department. (Restricted to MSc Molecular Diagnostics specialization.)

As a part of practicum education for the Molecular Diagnostics specialization, this course will provide a rotation in human cytogenetic laboratory, (and additional molecular laboratory experiences, as available). The student will be expected to cover specific competencies and objectives and keep a record of cases encountered. Designated preceptors will guide student learning and continuously assess student progress. Prerequisites: LABMP 584, 585, 586 and permission of the department. (Restricted to MSc Molecular Diagnostics specialization.)

The course is an independent research project. Seminar sessions cover topics relevant to conducting independent research studies. The student will be expected to write a research proposal, keep an accurate notebook, and conduct adequate investigative research. The project will be written as a research paper and presented at departmental rounds. This course is for students enrolled in course-based MSc programs offered by the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology.

The course is an independent research project. Seminar sessions cover topics relevant to conducting independent research studies. The student will be expected to write a research proposal, keep an accurate notebook, and conduct adequate investigative research. The project will be written as a research paper and presented at departmental rounds. This course is for students enrolled in course-based MSc programs offered by the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology.

Elements of Latin grammar and reading of simple texts. Note: Not to be taken by students with credit in Latin 30 or Latin 103.

A continuation of LATIN 101. Prerequisite: LATIN 101 or consent of Department. Not open to students with credit in LATIN 103.

Elements of Latin grammar and reading of simple texts. Note: Not to be taken by students with credit in Latin 30 or LATIN 101 or 102.

Review of grammar; reading of Latin texts; translation of simple sentences from English into Latin. Prerequisite: LATIN 102, 103, or 104 or consent of Department. Not open to students with credit in LATIN 301.

Selections from Latin poetry and prose. Prerequisite: LATIN 201, 301 or consent of Department.

Prerequisite: consent of Department.

An introduction to the important principles, people, and processes of the Canadian law and legal system. The course will provide an introduction and overview of foundational subjects in Canadian law such as Indigenous Law, Constitutional Law, Criminal Law, Torts Law, Contracts Law, Property Law, Corporate Law, Family Law, Environmental Law, Health Law and International Law. May not be used for credit in any degrees or programs offered by the Faculty of Law.

A variable topics course examining aspects of Canadian law including constitutional, administrative, and regulatory law, the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, and the role of the state in social and economic regulation at various levels of government. Students will learn to discuss these topics in groups in order to appreciate civic engagement and inclusive decision-making. No prerequisites. Not available to students in the J.D. program.

Introduces students to the basic structure and function of the legal system. It will then focus on the way in which law is used to control environmental problems, focussing on major federal and provincial pollution licensing legislation, and the legal duties of persons working within industry. Regimes for environmental impact assessment and the use of criminal and civil enforcement mechanisms will also be included. The relationship between legal rules and non-legal industry standards and voluntary initiatives may also be explored. Note: Open to students in the Civil Engineering (Environmental Option) degree program only. This course may not be taken for credit if credit has already been obtained for LAW 459. May not be used for credit in any degrees or programs offered by the Faculty of Law. May not be used for credit in any degrees or programs offered by the Faculty of Law.

An introduction to the foundations, institutions and processes of the Canadian legal system, and its underlying values and systems of thought, including principles of common law and equity, the process of statutory interpretation and analysis, the administration of justice, and the role of law and the legal profession in society. This will include learning about forms of discrimination recognized in Canadian human rights legislation with attention to racism, sexism and bias in the Canadian justice system, addressed through topics such as legal history, legal theory, cultural difference, individual and systemic biases and contemporary cases and legal issues.

Instruction in the fundamentals of legal research, analysis and communication. Students will develop their analytical, research, communication and drafting skills and become familiar with proper citation methods through a variety of practice-related tasks. Exercises in oral communications, advocacy skills and/or a moot court presentation may also be included.

Instruction in the fundamentals of legal research, analysis and communication. Students will develop their analytical, research, communication and drafting skills and become familiar with proper citation methods through a variety of practice-related tasks. Exercises in oral communications, advocacy skills and/or a moot court presentation may also be included.

A discussion of the prerequisites to the creation of contractual obligation: offer and acceptance, intention and certainty, consideration, the requirements of writing and capacity. The effect of misrepresentations and terms of the contract, together with the problems of exclusion clauses and of standard form contracts. Questions of discharge from contractual obligation on the grounds of mistake, undue influence, duress, unconscionable transactions and frustration. Remedies for breach of contract.

A discussion of the prerequisites to the creation of contractual obligation: offer and acceptance, intention and certainty, consideration, the requirements of writing and capacity. The effect of misrepresentations and terms of the contract, together with the problems of exclusion clauses and of standard form contracts. Questions of discharge from contractual obligation on the grounds of mistake, undue influence, duress, unconscionable transactions and frustration. Remedies for breach of contract.

A general introduction to the criminal law, including basic procedure, evidence, and sentencing rules, with primary emphasis on substantive criminal law. Topics include the physical and fault elements of offences, common law and statutory defences, and constitutional principles.

A general introduction to the criminal law, including basic procedure, evidence, and sentencing rules, with primary emphasis on substantive criminal law. Topics include the physical and fault elements of offences, common law and statutory defences, and constitutional principles.

The law of negligence, damages, intentional interferences with persons, property and chattels, the law of strict liability, occupiers' liability, nuisance, defamation, the economic torts, the future of tort law.

The law of negligence, damages, intentional interferences with persons, property and chattels, the law of strict liability, occupiers' liability, nuisance, defamation, the economic torts, the future of tort law.

An introduction to the legal framework governing the exercise of power by the legislative, executive and judicial branches of the Canadian state, covering who has the power to make new laws, the power to implement laws, and the power to adjudicate disputes. The limitations imposed on these powers by the rules of federalism and by the provisions of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms are also considered. An introduction to the constitutional provisions concerning Indigenous peoples in Canada is also included.

An introduction to the legal framework governing the exercise of power by the legislative, executive and judicial branches of the Canadian state, covering who has the power to make new laws, the power to implement laws, and the power to adjudicate disputes. The limitations imposed on these powers by the rules of federalism and by the provisions of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms are also considered. An introduction to the constitutional provisions concerning Indigenous peoples in Canada is also included.

This course involves the study of basic principles which govern the institution of real and personal property. Included in this analysis will be the history of property law and issues of social and political context. Other topics include right incident to the ownership and possession of land, tenures and estates, concurrent ownership, dower, leases and tenancies, easements, restrictive covenants, finders law, bailment, and gifts. Other special issues may be explored.

This course involves the study of basic principles which govern the institution of real and personal property. Included in this analysis will be the history of property law and issues of social and political context. Other topics include right incident to the ownership and possession of land, tenures and estates, concurrent ownership, dower, leases and tenancies, easements, restrictive covenants, finders law, bailment, and gifts. Other special issues may be explored.

Designed to provide an understanding of the legal constraints courts have placed on the behavior of administrative tribunals and government departments. Topics to be discussed: What is Administrative Law? How the courts supervise the acts and decisions of administrative bodies. Pitfalls to be avoided by administrative officers: errors of fact and law; excesses of discretion; breach of natural justice. How administrative acts and decisions may be attacked by an aggrieved citizen: remedies. Appeal and review, time limits, locus standi, choice of remedy, procedure. How to avoid attacks by aggrieved citizens. The practical outcome; strength of review. Recent trends in Administrative Law in Canada.

The laws governing corporations including: pre-incorporation matters; the corporation as a legal person; the tortious, criminal, regulatory, and contractual liability of the corporation; fiduciary duties in general and in commercial relationships, especially in the context of directors and officers, corporate social responsibility; corporate management; shareholder rights; and shareholder remedies.

The fundamentals of the traditional litigation process (under the Rules of Court and applicable statutes) and current issues including access and reform.

The principles, rules, and procedures governing the admissibility of evidence in criminal and civil trials. Topics include competence and compellability, relevance, prejudicial effect and probative value, and character, hearsay, and expert evidence.

Legal Seminars present diverse perspectives on the law and legal systems, including topics such as jurisprudence, legal history, legal theory, justice and human rights, within one or more legal traditions. Evaluation will be based primarily on written work. Students may take multiple sections of the course with the approval of the Vice Dean.

An examination of the organization of the legal profession in Canada and the professional conduct of lawyers as determined by law, ethical codes of conduct and service to the public interest. The course will address civility in communication and conduct, common ethical issues in practice, the fiduciary nature of the lawyer's work, conflicts of interest, confidentiality, lawyer professionalism, and the lawyer's role in the administration of justice including access to the legal system. This will include learning about forms of discrimination and bias recognized in Canadian human rights legislation as they are manifest racism, sexism and bias in the Canadian justice system and the legal profession with attention to racism and sexism.

An examination of law from a theoretical rather than a doctrinal perspective. Every year, the course will consist of a number of seminar offerings whose focus will be on a broader theoretical examination of law, legal processes, and institutions. Each of these courses will allow a critical examination of law from a variety of perspectives such as; legal theory, literature, politics, economics, social and cultural development, and religion.

An examination of law and legal institutions from a historical perspective designed to explore continuity and change in common, statute, and constitutional law. Every year, the course will consist of a limited number of seminar offerings whose focus will be on the historical development of law, legal processes, and institutions.

An exploration of the policy challenges associated with emerging biotechnology innovations, including stem cell research, human cloning, gene patents and bio-banking. While the course will cover relevant national and international law, its emphasis will be on ethical and policy issues. Credit will not be granted if credit has been received for Biotechnology under the LAW 599 course number.

An introduction to construction law, concerning issues such as tendering, contractual relationships between various parties to the construction process, construction delivery systems, standard form agreements, bonding and insurance, the impact of tort law on construction activities, builder's lien law, occupational health and safety law, and environmental law relating to construction.

An exploration of theoretical and legal issues bearing on employment outside the unionized/collective-bargaining context, including employment as a legal relationship, independent contractors, dismissal with and without just cause, damages, and the impact of key statutes. Emerging issues shall be explored, such as the protection of confidential information, the duty of good faith, discrimination, and post-employment obligations. This course complements the Labour Law course.

An introductory course on Canadian income taxation law. It will include a discussion of important tax policies/principles, who is subject to tax, the five sources of income that are subject to income tax, the mechanics of calculating taxable income and taxes payable, the general compliance obligations of individual taxpayers, tax jurisprudence and the dispute resolution process, strategic tax planning, and common tax issues that arise in a non-tax law practice. This course will serve as a stand-alone course for students not wishing to focus on taxation law as well as the prerequisite for students wishing to take further taxation courses offered by the Faculty.

Which courts have jurisdiction when a private law dispute involves parties, property or events in more than one jurisdiction? Which jurisdiction's law should govern a dispute with a foreign element? When will our courts enforce the judgements of foreign courts?

A survey of the foundational principles, structure and institutions of public international law, including the nature of the international legal system, the sources of international law, and the relevance of international law to the Canadian legal system. The role of international organizations, such as the United Nations, will also be discussed.

This course focuses on the practice of human rights law in Canada. The importance of anti- discrimination legislation will be discussed, as will the development, interpretation, and enforcement of the Canadian Human Rights Act and the provincial legislative schemes. Reference will also be made to the international context and to the equality provisions of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Students will also learn the practical aspects of litigating a human rights case in Canada.

Mediation is a problem-solving process requiring approaches differing from those used in traditional litigation. This course teaches the mediation process from the advocate's perspective and provides an opportunity to practice the skills necessary to become an effective mediation advocate.

This course focuses on remedies in a commercial setting, regardless of which 'compartment' of law with which they are typically associated. The course will explore issues related to traditional contract remedies, contract-tort overlap, and equitable remedies. It will also consider some of the problems associated with personal injury claims including quantification issues and the role of insurance.

An in-depth analysis of the nature, purpose, and methodology of negotiation. Mock negotiations will be undertaken by the class. Mediation and arbitration will be discussed.

The law governing the enforcement of judgments by unsecured creditors. Will provide an in-depth analysis of the Civil Enforcement Act of Alberta. Topics include prejudgment remedies, registration and priority of writs, enforcement against personal property, enforcement against land, garnishment and distribution. Will also cover fraudulent conveyances and preferences..

With lawyers practising in an increasingly globalized world, where disputes often cross international borders, this course examines the legal and non-legal means available for settling international disputes, including negotiation, mediation, inquiry, conciliation, arbitration and judicial settlement. Examples are drawn from a variety of subject areas, and procedural issues are also considered.

This course will provide students with an understanding of the breadth and scope of dispute resolution alternatives with a focus on how those alternative processes are being utilized in Alberta. Students will learn various forms of dispute resolution including client interviewing, negotiation, mediation, arbitration, med-arb, the mini-trial and litigation risk analysis. Course will look at how dispute resolution fits within the adversarial system, the benefits and drawbacks of each process and how to choose the most appropriate form.

The course canvasses the major legal and business issues that arise in myriad aspects of the entertainment and sports businesses. The particular industry focus of class work may vary.

A study of the law with respect to patents, trade marks, trade secrets, copyrights and intangible property generally.

General principles affecting insurance contracts including good faith, indemnity, subrogation, and insurable interest; particular problems arising out of the Alberta Insurance Act in relation to automobile, life and fire insurance.

An overview of the entire criminal process, from the investigatory stage to the laying of charges through to appeals. The primary emphasis will be on the pre-adjudicative phase of criminal matters, particularly the authority of the police to detain, search/seize, question and arrest individuals.

An introduction to and survey of the law of sentencing. Topics include the history of punishment, the philosophical underpinnings of sentencing law, the evidentiary rules governing sentencing hearings, and the substantive principles of adult and young offender sentencing.

The formation and annulment of marriage; various matrimonial remedies; judicial separation; alimony; loss of consortium; divorce; ground and procedure; custody of children; financial obligations and property rights between spouses.

Selected students are afforded the opportunity to undertake an independent research project on an approved topic under the direct supervision of a full-time Faculty member resulting in the submission of a research paper of 8.000 to 10,000 words. In addition to advanced knowledge; the course is designed to enhance problem solving skills, legal research methodologies and techniques and legal writing and communication skills. Material submitted for assessment in another course cannot be used in an independent research project.

In this course, students will develop an understanding of health law and health care ethics, and of the relationship - and tensions - between law and ethics in the health care context. Topics covered will include allocation of health care resources, physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia, organ donation, assisted reproductive technologies, medical tourism and research involving human subjects.

Selected topics pertinent to law and medicine with an emphasis on the practical implications of the law for the medical profession and the effect of changes in medical practice and institutions on the law. Problems will be examined with assistance from professionals working in the relevant areas and recommendations for law reform will be sought.

Will address current issues in constitutional litigation particularly those involving the Charter. The emphasis will be on both substantive knowledge of constitutional litigation issues and development of skills within that framework. Issues such as pleadings, interventions and class actions, examination of lay and expert witnesses, the use of extrinsic aids, statistical and other forms of ordinary and expert evidence, forms of remedies, form and role of written briefs, and other related matters will be addressed.

Entails an examination of various current problems in constitutional law. Topics covered in past years include Criminal Justice and the Charter, Comparative Constitutional Law, and Federal/Provincial Law.

Students enrolled in this course will be involved in all facets of the production of the Alberta Law Review, including the assessment, selection and substantive and stylistic editing of manuscripts submitted for publication. Students enrolled in this course must normally participate as a member of the Law Review for two academic years to be eligible for credit. Students may be admitted only on application.

In this course, students, as clerks, will serve as a research assistant for one or more Judges of the Courts and shall have the opportunity to gain experience in litigation from a judicial perspective. Duties will be assigned by the Judge coordinating the program for each court.

In this course, students, as clerks, will serve as a research assistant for one or more Judges of the Courts and shall have the opportunity to gain experience in litigation from a judicial perspective. Duties will be assigned by the Judge coordinating the program for each court.

A detailed study of the Alberta Land Titles Act consisting of an analysis of the Common Law and Registry Systems of Conveyancing; Introduction to the Torrens System of Land Titles; The Principles of Indefeasibility; Exceptions to Indefeasibility; Boundary Problems; Caveats; Registrable Instruments; Miscellaneous Title Problems; Remedies and Limitations; Reform.

This course surveys the legal methods by which the major sources of energy in the prairie provinces are produced, transported, and regulated; the ownership of natural resources; the interaction between the Crown and Indigenous Peoples, including the developing role of Indigenous Peoples in resource development; the development of renewable energy in the form of solar and wind power; and emerging sources of energy such as geothermal resources and hydrogen.

The general objective of this course is introduce students to the regulation of local energy utilities (electricity and consumable gas) and long-distance transmission (electricity, oil, and gas) infrastructure. The course material will cover the basics of each industry segment, relevant regulatory processes including standard utility tariff applications, and key issues facing utilities and regulators.

The purpose of this course is to assist students in developing skills in the interviewing and counselling process. The course attempts to introduce and develop models for interviewing and counselling. The principal model is one that stresses a client-centred approach.

The general objective of this course is to provide students with some basic accounting theory, practical knowledge, and skills that will be helpful to them in their legal practice. It is focused on three main areas: accounting for one's legal practice, complying with the Law Society of Alberta's Trust Accounting Rules, and analyzing financial statements and other financial information. This course is designed for law students without a background in accounting.

The law and policy relating to the allocation of the right to consume water, with a focus on Western Canada, and the maintenance of water quality. The issue of water scarcity in an era of climate change and its ramifications in Canada and the world. Indigenous water rights and the protections of aquatic resources. Jurisdiction over water and the role of the federal government in water management. Water in International Law in North America and the world, with a focus on the law applicable to International Rivers.

This course introduces students to the fundamentals of oceans law, with particular attention being paid to legal issues relevant to Canada. Where appropriate, this course will also explore contemporary oceans law issues, such as: piracy, maritime boundary delimitation, extended continental shelf claims, polar governance, marine protected areas, conservation of living marine resources, shipping, and sub-marine cables.

Legal problems concerning the establishment of collective bargaining; negotiation and enforcement of the collective agreement; the activities of unions and employers in industrial disputes; and the internal affairs of labour organizations.

The law and practice relating to interest and rights arbitrations in Alberta. The course will be taught partly as a seminar and partly through a series of mock arbitrations in which students will act as counsel.

This seminar course focuses on the international legal protection of human rights (political, civil, economic, social and cultural rights). It may also consider the rights of women, children's rights, regional human rights systems, Canadian implementation of international human rights obligations, national human rights institutions, transitional justice issues, and the interface with international humanitarian law.

Over the past 50 years, the law has begun to regulate the human treatment of animals with increasing seriousness. Notwithstanding these developments, there are many concerns about the way our society treats the non-human animals in our care. This course explores the history, philosophy, and ethical foundation of humanity's treatment of animals and asks whether our current legal treatment of them accords with our stated goal of preventing unnecessary cruelty to animals. It also looks at common legal problems that arise under the existing paradigm, and considers what these problems reveal about our stated concern for non-human animals.

Canadian laws and policies designed to control air, land, and water pollution, including licensing systems, the use of quasi-criminal sanctions, environmental impact assessment processes, constitutional issues, and the usefulness of the common law. Other topics may include alternative legal approaches, such as economic incentives, wildlife protection, environmental rights, parks, the public trust doctrine or environmental mediation.

An introduction to the international legal framework for the prosecution of international crimes and crimes of international concern, and the examination of the international community's response to these crimes through the creation of international and internationalized criminal tribunals, including the International Criminal Court. Topics for further examination include immunities, amnesties, and sentencing, as well as the domestic prosecution of international crimes in Canada and other forms of Canadian cooperation.

This is a survey course on the international and domestic law governing the transactional aspects of international trade/investment activities of Canadian and foreign business entities. Topics covered include contract types and drafting, international sale of goods, financing of transactions, dispute settlement by international commercial arbitration, export/import laws, human rights and MNCs, anti-bribery laws, and international investment law.

This seminar course provides an introduction to the law of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and free trade agreements. WTO topics will include the core legal principles in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT 1994), subsidies and dumping, traderelated investment measures and trade in services. The structure and core legal principles of a selection of free trade agreements entered into by Canada will be discussed, including those with the USA, Mexico, EU and Pacific Rim nations.

This course will give students the opportunity to understand the Japanese, their society and their law in the context of international society. The exact contents of the course will depend on the speciality area of the visiting professor.

A brief survey of the historical development of the trust. Definition and classification of trusts. Creation of express trust; the three certainties. Completely and incompletely constituted trusts. Secret, protective, discretionary and illusory trusts. Charitable trust and the rule against perpetuities. Cy-pres doctrine. Non-charitable purpose trusts. Implied or resulting trusts. Constructive trusts. Revocation, termination and variation of trusts. The appointment, retirement and removal of trustees. Duties, discretion and powers of trustees. Breach of trust.

This course will examine the law of wills and succession in Alberta. Major topics will include the nature of testamentary instruments; the creation of wills; the proof of wills; the interpretation of wills; and intestate succession.

Participants will acquire an understanding of the rules, principles and policies underlying modern bankruptcy and insolvency law. The principal focus of the course is on the federal Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act. Topics include the invocation of bankruptcy, the vesting of property in the trustee in bankruptcy, the effect of bankruptcy on third parties, impugning pre-bankruptcy transactions, the scheme of distribution, and bankruptcy discharge. The course will also examine reorganizations under the federal Companies' Creditors Arrangement Act, and review the foundational features of receivership law.

Commercial law is the body of law that governs commercial dealings between business entities. This course explores the legal rules and principles that govern four highly significant types of commercial transactions. Sales law deals with the implied terms, passage of property and other related issues under a contract for the sale of goods. Negotiable instruments law covers cheques, bills of exchange and promissory notes. Securities transfer law deals with both direct and indirect holding systems for the holding and transferring of shares bonds and other forms of investment property. The law of guarantees deals with contractual undertakings to answer to another person's default.