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Engineering drawing and sketching, conventional drafting, computer-aided drawing in 2D and 3D, solid modelling, and computer-aided design.
Characterization and behavior of measuring systems. Statistics and analysis of measurement data; measurement techniques applied to fundamental mechanical engineering phenomena. Prerequisites: CIV E 270, ECE 209, STAT 235. Corequisite: MEC E 330 or MEC E 331.
Characterization and behavior of measuring systems. Statistics and analysis of measurement data; measurement techniques applied to fundamental mechanical engineering phenomena. Prerequisites: CIV E 270, ECE 209, STAT 235. Corequisite: MEC E 330 or MEC E 331.
Characterization and behavior of measuring systems. Statistics and analysis of measurement data; measurement techniques applied to fundamental mechanical engineering phenomena. Prerequisites: CIV E 270, ECE 209, STAT 235. Corequisite: MEC E 330 or MEC E 331.
Laboratory experiments in mechanical engineering measurement techniques, treatment of measurement data, introduction to engineering report writing. Corequisite: MEC E 300.
Laboratory experiments in mechanical engineering measurement techniques, treatment of measurement data, introduction to engineering report writing. Corequisite: MEC E 300.
Laboratory experiments in mechanical engineering measurement techniques, treatment of measurement data, introduction to engineering report writing. Corequisite: MEC E 300.
External flow, boundary layers, momentum theories, similitude, fluid metering, fluid friction, fluid friction in pipes, pipe networks. Prerequisites: MEC E 230, 250, MATH 209. Corequisite: CH E 243. Credit can only be granted for one of MEC E 330 or MEC E 331.
External flow, boundary layers, momentum theories, similitude, fluid metering, fluid friction, fluid friction in pipes, pipe networks. Prerequisites: MEC E 230, 250, MATH 209. Corequisite: CH E 243. Credit can only be granted for one of MEC E 330 or MEC E 331.
External flow, boundary layers, momentum theories, similitude, fluid metering, fluid friction, fluid friction in pipes, pipe networks. Prerequisites: MEC E 230, 250, MATH 209. Corequisite: CH E 243. Credit can only be granted for one of MEC E 330 or MEC E 331.
Review of thermodynamic principles. Applications to gas compressors, vapour and gas power cycles, heat pump cycles. Availability analysis. Psychrometrics. Combustion analysis. Prerequisite: CH E 243.
Review of thermodynamic principles. Applications to gas compressors, vapour and gas power cycles, heat pump cycles. Availability analysis. Psychrometrics. Combustion analysis. Prerequisite: CH E 243.
Review of thermodynamic principles. Applications to gas compressors, vapour and gas power cycles, heat pump cycles. Availability analysis. Psychrometrics. Combustion analysis. Prerequisite: CH E 243.
Design procedures, theories of failure, material selection, design for fatigue, creep and relaxation, selection of gears and bearings and application of computer-aided design software. Prerequisite: MEC E 260 and 265, MAT E 202 and CIV E 270. Corequisite: MEC E 362.
Design procedures, theories of failure, material selection, design for fatigue, creep and relaxation, selection of gears and bearings and application of computer-aided design software. Prerequisite: MEC E 260 and 265, MAT E 202 and CIV E 270. Corequisite: MEC E 362.
Design procedures, theories of failure, material selection, design for fatigue, creep and relaxation, selection of gears and bearings and application of computer-aided design software. Prerequisite: MEC E 260 and 265, MAT E 202 and CIV E 270. Corequisite: MEC E 362.
Velocities and acceleration in plane mechanisms, balancing of rotating and reciprocating machinery, gears and gear trains. Prerequisite: MEC E 250.
Velocities and acceleration in plane mechanisms, balancing of rotating and reciprocating machinery, gears and gear trains. Prerequisite: MEC E 250.
Velocities and acceleration in plane mechanisms, balancing of rotating and reciprocating machinery, gears and gear trains. Prerequisite: MEC E 250.
Primary manufacturing processes including casting, forming, machining, powdered metallurgy and surface technology, interactions between design, materials (metals, polymers, ceramics, composites) and processes, selected field trips and laboratory activities. Requires payment of additional student instructional support fees. Refer to the Tuition and Fees page in the University Regulations section of the Calendar. Prerequisite: MEC E 260.
Primary manufacturing processes including casting, forming, machining, powdered metallurgy and surface technology, interactions between design, materials (metals, polymers, ceramics, composites) and processes, selected field trips and laboratory activities. Requires payment of additional student instructional support fees. Refer to the Tuition and Fees page in the University Regulations section of the Calendar. Prerequisite: MEC E 260.
Primary manufacturing processes including casting, forming, machining, powdered metallurgy and surface technology, interactions between design, materials (metals, polymers, ceramics, composites) and processes, selected field trips and laboratory activities. Requires payment of additional student instructional support fees. Refer to the Tuition and Fees page in the University Regulations section of the Calendar. Prerequisite: MEC E 260.
Mechanisms of heat transfer, steady and unsteady heat conduction, numerical analysis, thermal radiation, free and forced convection, heat exchanger analysis and heat transfer with change of phase and mass transfer. Prerequisites: MEC E 230, CH E 243. Corequisites: MATH 300 and MEC E 331. Credit can only be granted for one of MEC E 370 or MEC E 371.
Mechanisms of heat transfer, steady and unsteady heat conduction, numerical analysis, thermal radiation, free and forced convection, heat exchanger analysis and heat transfer with change of phase and mass transfer. Prerequisites: MEC E 230, CH E 243. Corequisites: MATH 300 and MEC E 331. Credit can only be granted for one of MEC E 370 or MEC E 371.
Mechanisms of heat transfer, steady and unsteady heat conduction, numerical analysis, thermal radiation, free and forced convection, heat exchanger analysis and heat transfer with change of phase and mass transfer. Prerequisites: MEC E 230, CH E 243. Corequisites: MATH 300 and MEC E 331. Credit can only be granted for one of MEC E 370 or MEC E 371.
Stress, strain, stress-strain relation, time-independent and time-dependent behavior, virtual work and energy theorems, deformations, indeterminate systems, matrix methods. Prerequisite: CIV E 270.
Stress, strain, stress-strain relation, time-independent and time-dependent behavior, virtual work and energy theorems, deformations, indeterminate systems, matrix methods. Prerequisite: CIV E 270.
Stress, strain, stress-strain relation, time-independent and time-dependent behavior, virtual work and energy theorems, deformations, indeterminate systems, matrix methods. Prerequisite: CIV E 270.
Application of numerical methods to mechanical engineering problems; topics include sources and definitions of error, root finding, solutions of linear and non-linear systems of equations, regression, interpolaton, numerical integration and differentiation, solution of initial value and boundary value ordinary differential equations. Applications include dynamics, solid mechanics, heat transfer and fluid flow. Prerequisites: MATH 102 and 201.
Application of numerical methods to mechanical engineering problems; topics include sources and definitions of error, root finding, solutions of linear and non-linear systems of equations, regression, interpolaton, numerical integration and differentiation, solution of initial value and boundary value ordinary differential equations. Applications include dynamics, solid mechanics, heat transfer and fluid flow. Prerequisites: MATH 102 and 201.
Application of numerical methods to mechanical engineering problems; topics include sources and definitions of error, root finding, solutions of linear and non-linear systems of equations, regression, interpolaton, numerical integration and differentiation, solution of initial value and boundary value ordinary differential equations. Applications include dynamics, solid mechanics, heat transfer and fluid flow. Prerequisites: MATH 102 and 201.
Selected laboratory experiments in applied mechanics and thermosciences. Prerequisites: MEC E 300, 301, 340 and 360.
Selected laboratory experiments in applied mechanics and thermosciences. Prerequisites: MEC E 300, 301, 340 and 360.
Selected laboratory experiments in applied mechanics and thermosciences. Prerequisites: MEC E 300, 301, 340 and 360.
Selected group projects in experimental measurement and mechanical design. Two to four person groups develop planning, design, testing and report writing skills on projects in applied mechanics, thermosciences and engineering management. Prerequisites: MEC E 301 and ENG M 310 or 401.
Engineering analysis is used to examine the veracity of commonly held science and technology myths. Prerequisites: MEC E 330 or 331, 340, 370 or 371, 380, 390, MATH 300.
Design of linear feedback control systems for command-following error, stability, and dynamic response specifications. PID, Root-locus, frequency response and design techniques. An introduction to structural design limitations. Examples emphasizing Mechanical Engineering systems. Some use of computer aided design with MATLAB/Simulink. Controls Lab - control of mechanical systems. Prerequisites: MEC E 390. Credit can only be granted for one of MEC E 420, ECE 362, CH E 448.
Design of linear feedback control systems for command-following error, stability, and dynamic response specifications. PID, Root-locus, frequency response and design techniques. An introduction to structural design limitations. Examples emphasizing Mechanical Engineering systems. Some use of computer aided design with MATLAB/Simulink. Controls Lab - control of mechanical systems. Prerequisites: MEC E 390. Credit can only be granted for one of MEC E 420, ECE 362, CH E 448.
Design of linear feedback control systems for command-following error, stability, and dynamic response specifications. PID, Root-locus, frequency response and design techniques. An introduction to structural design limitations. Examples emphasizing Mechanical Engineering systems. Some use of computer aided design with MATLAB/Simulink. Controls Lab - control of mechanical systems. Prerequisites: MEC E 390. Credit can only be granted for one of MEC E 420, ECE 362, CH E 448.
Navier-Stokes equations, introductory computational fluid dynamics, boundary layers, compressible fluid flow (variable area ducts, normal and oblique shock waves, Prantdl-Meyer expansions, adiabatic and isothermal pipe flow), two phase flow. Prerequisite: MEC E 330 or 331.
Navier-Stokes equations, introductory computational fluid dynamics, boundary layers, compressible fluid flow (variable area ducts, normal and oblique shock waves, Prantdl-Meyer expansions, adiabatic and isothermal pipe flow), two phase flow. Prerequisite: MEC E 330 or 331.
Navier-Stokes equations, introductory computational fluid dynamics, boundary layers, compressible fluid flow (variable area ducts, normal and oblique shock waves, Prantdl-Meyer expansions, adiabatic and isothermal pipe flow), two phase flow. Prerequisite: MEC E 330 or 331.
Knowledge-generation in fluid dynamics research, including: critical assessment of engineering data; cross-validation of experimental and numerical data; hands-on experience with modern flow measurement (e.g. particle image velocimetry (PIV)); and commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) as necessary to produce and analyse data; laser and lab safety. Prerequisites: MEC E 390, and 331 or equivalent.
Knowledge-generation in fluid dynamics research, including: critical assessment of engineering data; cross-validation of experimental and numerical data; hands-on experience with modern flow measurement (e.g. particle image velocimetry (PIV)); and commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) as necessary to produce and analyse data; laser and lab safety. Prerequisites: MEC E 390, and 331 or equivalent.
Knowledge-generation in fluid dynamics research, including: critical assessment of engineering data; cross-validation of experimental and numerical data; hands-on experience with modern flow measurement (e.g. particle image velocimetry (PIV)); and commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) as necessary to produce and analyse data; laser and lab safety. Prerequisites: MEC E 390, and 331 or equivalent.
Analysis and design of vehicle propulsion systems including vehicles with different electrification levels (electric, hybrid electric, and internal combustion engine) and vehicles with different levels of autonomy (partial to full automation). Prerequisites: MATH 201. Restricted to year 4 or 5 engineering students.
Sources, flow and overall efficiency of use of various energy forms in society, thermodynamic analysis of energy conversion devices such as thermoelectric and magnetohydrodynamic generators, solar and fuel cells, energy from fission and fusion reactors. Prerequisite: MEC E 340.
Sources, flow and overall efficiency of use of various energy forms in society, thermodynamic analysis of energy conversion devices such as thermoelectric and magnetohydrodynamic generators, solar and fuel cells, energy from fission and fusion reactors. Prerequisite: MEC E 340.
Sources, flow and overall efficiency of use of various energy forms in society, thermodynamic analysis of energy conversion devices such as thermoelectric and magnetohydrodynamic generators, solar and fuel cells, energy from fission and fusion reactors. Prerequisite: MEC E 340.
Free and forced vibration of single degree of freedom systems with and without damping, vibration isolation, free vibration of multi degrees of freedom systems, vibration absorption, beam vibrations, sound waves, sound sources, subjective aspects of noise. Prerequisites: MEC E 250 and MATH 300.
Free and forced vibration of single degree of freedom systems with and without damping, vibration isolation, free vibration of multi degrees of freedom systems, vibration absorption, beam vibrations, sound waves, sound sources, subjective aspects of noise. Prerequisites: MEC E 250 and MATH 300.
Free and forced vibration of single degree of freedom systems with and without damping, vibration isolation, free vibration of multi degrees of freedom systems, vibration absorption, beam vibrations, sound waves, sound sources, subjective aspects of noise. Prerequisites: MEC E 250 and MATH 300.
Feasibility study and detailed design of a project which requires students to exercise creative ability, to make assumptions and decisions based on synthesis of technical knowledge, and in general, devise new designs, rather than analyse existing ones. Prerequisites: MEC E 200, 330 or 331, 340, 360, 362, 370 or 371, 380. Corequisite: ENG M 310 (or ENG M 401).
Feasibility study and detailed design of a project which requires students to exercise creative ability, to make assumptions and decisions based on synthesis of technical knowledge, and in general, devise new designs, rather than analyse existing ones. Prerequisites: MEC E 200, 330 or 331, 340, 360, 362, 370 or 371, 380. Corequisite: ENG M 310 (or ENG M 401).
Feasibility study and detailed design of a project which requires students to exercise creative ability, to make assumptions and decisions based on synthesis of technical knowledge, and in general, devise new designs, rather than analyse existing ones. Prerequisites: MEC E 200, 330 or 331, 340, 360, 362, 370 or 371, 380. Corequisite: ENG M 310 (or ENG M 401).
Design of piping systems. The course will focus on water, refrigerant, steam, and speciality piping systems. Equipment selection will be included. Incorporation of plumbing, building, mechanical, NFPA, and ASHRAE codes and standards. Prerequisite: MEC E 330 or 331, or equivalent.
Design and optimization of thermo-fluid systems, heating and ventilating equipment and load calculations, system design, piping networks, heat exchanger analysis and design, computer-aided design projects. Prerequisites: MEC E 330 or 331, 340, and 370 or 371.
Design and optimization of thermo-fluid systems, heating and ventilating equipment and load calculations, system design, piping networks, heat exchanger analysis and design, computer-aided design projects. Prerequisites: MEC E 330 or 331, 340, and 370 or 371.
Design and optimization of thermo-fluid systems, heating and ventilating equipment and load calculations, system design, piping networks, heat exchanger analysis and design, computer-aided design projects. Prerequisites: MEC E 330 or 331, 340, and 370 or 371.
Design of machine components for ease of manufacture. Application of measurement, inspection, and reverse engineering techniques. Preparation of working drawings for manufacturing. Introduction to machining operations, including hands-on machine shop practice. Evaluation of design performance. Sections offered at an increased rate of fee assessment; refer to the Tuition and Fees page in the University Regulations sections of the Calendar. Prerequisites: MEC E 260, 265, 300, and 301.
Design of machine components for ease of manufacture. Application of measurement, inspection, and reverse engineering techniques. Preparation of working drawings for manufacturing. Introduction to machining operations, including hands-on machine shop practice. Evaluation of design performance. Sections offered at an increased rate of fee assessment; refer to the Tuition and Fees page in the University Regulations sections of the Calendar. Prerequisites: MEC E 260, 265, 300, and 301.
Design of machine components for ease of manufacture. Application of measurement, inspection, and reverse engineering techniques. Preparation of working drawings for manufacturing. Introduction to machining operations, including hands-on machine shop practice. Evaluation of design performance. Sections offered at an increased rate of fee assessment; refer to the Tuition and Fees page in the University Regulations sections of the Calendar. Prerequisites: MEC E 260, 265, 300, and 301.
Design and analysis of building systems for maintaining the indoor environment. Design of heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems through load calculations, equipment selection and specification. Prerequisites: MEC E 340, 370 or 371.
Modeling and analysis of systems and processes that include technological decision making. Formulation and solution methods for systems including associated resource requirements and other system inputs. Numerical methods for simulation. Projects will involve simulation software to support analysis and design of engineering systems and processes. Prerequisites: MEC E 250 and 390. Note that credit cannot be obtained in both MEC E 467 and ENG M 541.
Computer modelling in mechanical engineering. Simulation of mechanisms. Stress analysis and heat transfer using commercial software. Emphasis is on numerical model design including testing and verification methods, and the critical interpretation of the computed results. Credit cannot be obtained in both MEC E 468 and 568. Prerequisites: MEC E 265, 362, 370 or 371, 380, 390.
Advanced project in experimental measurement and mechanical designs in applied mechanics, thermosciences and engineering management. Prerequisite: MEC E 409.
Special topics for beams, torsion, pressure vessels, plane stress and strain, stability, fracture mechanics. Prerequisites: MEC E 360, 380, MATH 300.
Biomechanics; mechanical characterization of biological tissues using elastic and viscoelastic models. Rheology of blood and flow properties. Static and dynamic analyses of selected physiological systems. Application of biomaterials in external and internal prostheses. Prerequisites: BME 320 and 321; MEC E 300, 362, 380; and MEC E 330 or 331. Credit cannot be obtained in both MEC E 585 and 485.
This course will be offered at the discretion of the Department of Mechanical Engineering. Topics may vary from year to year. Students should check with the Mechanical Engineering Department Office for details on a specific section topic.
Introduction to methods of mechanical engineering research. Organizational seminars for the research project in the following term. Prerequisites: MEC E 330, 380, and consent of Department.
Mechanical Engineering undergraduate research project with a faculty member. Prerequisites: MEC E 494 and consent of Department.
Boundary layer flow, vorticity, circulation and aerodynamic lift, wing theory, aeronautical applications. Prerequisite: MEC E 330 or 331.
Boundary layer flow, vorticity, circulation and aerodynamic lift, wing theory, aeronautical applications. Prerequisite: MEC E 330 or 331.
Boundary layer flow, vorticity, circulation and aerodynamic lift, wing theory, aeronautical applications. Prerequisite: MEC E 330 or 331.
Model selection and simplification, grid generation and grid independence, transient and advection terms treatment, turbulence modeling, verification and validation, best practices. Hands-on experience with commercial CFD codes to demonstrate the application of: theory, proper setup and analysis. Prerequisites: MEC E 390, and 331 or equivalent.
Model selection and simplification, grid generation and grid independence, transient and advection terms treatment, turbulence modeling, verification and validation, best practices. Hands-on experience with commercial CFD codes to demonstrate the application of: theory, proper setup and analysis. Prerequisites: MEC E 390, and 331 or equivalent.
Model selection and simplification, grid generation and grid independence, transient and advection terms treatment, turbulence modeling, verification and validation, best practices. Hands-on experience with commercial CFD codes to demonstrate the application of: theory, proper setup and analysis. Prerequisites: MEC E 390, and 331 or equivalent.
History of basic cycles, combustion theory including ignition flame propagation and engine knock, cycle analysis with deviations from ideal cycles and performance characteristics, fuels, design and operation of carburation and injection processes, exhaust emissions measurements. Identification of design parameters and their effect on emissions. Prerequisite: MEC E 340.
Application of finite element methods to mechanical engineering problems; topics include direct stiffness methods, assembly, constraints, solution techniques, post-processing, element types and the Galkerin procedure. Applications include beam truss and frame analysis, plane strain and stress problems, heat transfer and dynamic analysis Prerequisites: MATH 300, MEC E 360, 390.
Application of finite element methods to mechanical engineering problems; topics include direct stiffness methods, assembly, constraints, solution techniques, post-processing, element types and the Galkerin procedure. Applications include beam truss and frame analysis, plane strain and stress problems, heat transfer and dynamic analysis Prerequisites: MATH 300, MEC E 360, 390.
Application of finite element methods to mechanical engineering problems; topics include direct stiffness methods, assembly, constraints, solution techniques, post-processing, element types and the Galkerin procedure. Applications include beam truss and frame analysis, plane strain and stress problems, heat transfer and dynamic analysis Prerequisites: MATH 300, MEC E 360, 390.
Introduction to composite materials. Mechanical characterization and strength theories of a lamina. Micro-mechanical analysis of a lamina. Macro-mechanical analysis of laminates. Failure analysis and design of laminates. Prerequisite: MEC E 380.
Fundamentals of optics and optoelectronics for applications in measurement systems used in fluid mechanics including PIV, PLIF, LDA, and particle sizing. Design and development of measurement systems. Prerequisites: Consent of instructor.
Light propagation in media; thermal and mechanical perturbations to media and effects on light propagation; topics in photo-elasticity including the relationships between stress/strain and optical properties, birefringence and polarization; waveguides and common structures in opto-mechanical sensing systems including waveguide interferometers, intensity modulators, Bragg structures; strain-optic models used in analyzing micro-optical mechanical systems. Coverage of application areas: structural health monitoring, biomedical technologies, diagnostics.
Development of control-oriented dynamic models using machine learning techniques. Optimal, adaptive and model predictive control techniques that are solved using methods of machine learning including support vector machines, neural networks, reinforcement learning and other methods of machine learning. Applications in broad linear and nonlinear engineering systems.
Mathematical preliminaries (discrete time systems). Stability and transient response of Iterative Learning Control (ILC). Design of ILC in both the time and frequency domain. Convergence and design of repetitive control.
Introduction to control methods applied to systems governed by partial differential equations. The focus will be on fluid and solid mechanics applications with boundary actuation.
Chemical reactions, chemical equilibrium and flame temperatures. Flame propagation and explosion theories. Detonations. Air pollution from combustion sources.
Kinematics of fluid motion, fundamental fluid equations and concepts, laminar boundary layers, potential flow, stability and transition, introduction to turbulence.
Governing equations of turbulent flow. Statistical and phenomenological theories of turbulent transport of momentum, heat and mass in wall-bounded and free flows. Computational techniques, empirical data and applications. Prerequisite: MEC E 630 or equivalent or consent of Instructor.
Microparticle terminology and definitions, synthesis of structured microparticles, analytical methods for micro- and nanoparticles, applications of particle engineering.
Introduction to aerosol science. Particle size statistics. Particle motion: Stokes law, Brownian motion, and thermophoresis. Particle coagulation, condensation, evaporation, and nucleation. Particle electrical and optical properties. Aerosol measurement techniques.
Introduction to pharmaceutical aerosol delivery to the lung. Particle size distributions. Motion of a single aerosol particle in a fluid. Particle size changes due to evaporation or condensation. Fluid dynamics and particle deposition in the respiratory tract. Jet nebulizers. Dry powder inhalers. Metered dose propellant inhalers. Prerequisite: MEC E 330 or 331 or equivalent or consent of Instructor.
Transport of passive and active scalars. Plumes and environmental convection with applications to air pollution. Gravity currents and intrusions. Surface gravity waves. Flow in porous media. Darcy's law with applications to groundwater flow and oil recovery. Turbulent boundary layers in the natural environment.
Colloidal Systems; Colloidal Interactions; Hydrodynamics; Analysis of Complex Fluid flows; Thin Films; Flow in Porous Media; Microfluidics; Selected applications: Coagulation, flocculation and particle deposition; Sedimentation; Separation technologies such as deep bed filtration, membrane filtration, and chromatography; Microfluidic applications involving complex fluids; Colloid applications involving complex fluids; Colloid facilitated transport. Prerequisite/Corequisite; MEC E 430, 630, or approval of instructor.
Vortex dynamics approach to large-scale structures in turbulent flows. Vortex motion equations, conservation laws, and modelling using discrete vortices. Prerequisite: a senior undergraduate course in fluid mechanics or consent of Instructor.
Computational fluid dynamics methods for incompressible and compressible fluids. Model development, discretization methods, and topics on advanced coding, e.g., high performance computing, and parallelism, will be covered.
Generalization of the first and second laws of thermodynamics to multi-component, multi-phase systems. Thermodynamic property relations, thermodynamic potentials, phase and chemical equilibria, reacting mixtures, and activation of reactions with applications in combustion, mixing and separation, power generation, and thermodynamic devices.
Study of thermal comfort, indoor air quality, and HVAC systems of buildings. Application of the basic HVAC principles as well as a range of technologies and analysis techniques for designing healthy and comfortable indoor environments. Investigation procedures and methods to identify indoor air quality problems as well as the techniques to prevent or mitigate indoor air problems.
Principles of renewable energy systems such as solar, wind, tidal, biomass, geothermal, and fuel cells. Environmental aspects of implementation of renewable energy e.g. hydro and nuclear energy sources. Energy conservation and conventional fossil fuel sources. New technologies and trends in renewable energy. Concept of sustainability and sustainable design for energy systems. Elementary economics of implementation of renewable energy sources and related policy and social issues. Prerequisites: consent of instructor.