Individual study project for the highly advanced art history student. Note: An Application for Individual Study must be completed and approved before registration in the course.

Individual study course for the highly advanced studio art student. A selected theme in two- or three-dimensional expression is explored intensively. Note: An Application for Individual Study must be completed and approved before registration in the course.

Introduction to the diversity of marine ecosystems and the adaptations of marine organisms to their environment. Notes: The course does not count toward the major, concentration, or minor in Biology. The course is available only as part of the Cuba semester abroad program.

An introduction to functional and from molecules to systems, focusing on how organisms integrate different levels of organization in order to live. This course covers key topics of biochemistry (metabolism, respiration, photosynthesis), cell biology (organelles, membranes, cell cycle), and physiology (gas exchange, circulation, osmoregulation, excretion). Prerequisites: Biology 30 and Chemistry 30.

An introduction to the biology of organisms, focusing on the evolution of biological diversity, including the mechanisms responsible for evolutionary change and the adaptations associated with the evolution of the major groups of organisms. Prerequisites: Biology 30. Note: Credit may be obtained for only one of AUBIO 112, AUBIO 212 (2022) or AUBIO 214 (2024).

Research experience in a faculty research project. Normally taken in addition to a full course load after the successful completion of at least 24 units but not more than 60 units in a program in the Augustana Faculty. Prerequisites: AUBIO 111 and 112 or 212 (2022) or AUBIO 214 and consent of the Department. Notes: This course is offered on a pass/fail (credit/no-credit) basis. An 'Application for Individual Study', normally requiring a minimum GPA of 2.5 in Biology, must be completed and approved before registration in the course. Credit may be obtained twice.

The composition, structure and function of cell membranes including membrane transport, cell signaling and cell-cell interactions. Protein sorting and cytoskeletal function is integrated with their membrane interactions. The social context of cells is also considered. Prerequisite: AUBIO 111 and AUBIO 260.

An exploration of basic concepts and methods in ecology and of the relevance of ecological thinking in the life sciences. Emphasis is on both biotic and abiotic interactions at the level of the organism, including physiological and evolutionary perspectives, and on their consequences on the composition and diversity of ecological populations and communities within ecosystems. Prerequisite: AUBIO 112 or AUBIO 212 (2022) or AUBIO 214.

Mendelian inheritance and its cytological features including the molecular and cellular basis for the transmission of hereditary characteristics. Topics that are emphasized include microbial genetics, cytoplasmic inheritance, linkage and genetic mapping, DNA as genetic material, gene action, and the genetic code. Prerequisites: AUBIO 111.

Introduction to the prokaryotic members of the microbial world. Microbiological diversity will be examined by comparing cellular morphology, structure and metabolism. Topics include how to grow and study microbes, classification approaches and problems, control of microbial growth, pathogenesis and microbial ecology. Co-requisite: AUBIO 260. Credit may be obtained for only one of AUBIO 274 or AUBIO 374 (2022).

Application of statistical and informatics methods for analysis of biological datasets, with an emphasis on ecological datasets (e.g., plant, bird and bat communities) using both univariate and multivariate techniques. Students will also develop critical skills in research design, organization and interpretation of data, and written and oral communication skills. Prerequisites AUBIO 253 and AUSTA 215.

Supervised library research project. Prerequisites: Third-year standing, 6 units in Biology at the 200 level. Notes: Admission to the course normally requires a minimum GPA of 3.0 in Biology. An Application for Individual Study must be completed and approved before registration in the course.

Supervised laboratory or field research project. Prerequisites: Third-year standing, 6 units in Biology at the 200 level. Notes: Admission to the course normally requires a minimum GPA of 3.0 in Biology. An Application for Individual Study must be completed and approved before registration in the course.

Comparative survey of the anatomy, morphology, function, life cycles, and evolutionary features of algae and non-vascular and vascular plants. Taxonomic and ecological considerations are also presented. Prerequisite: AUBIO 112 or AUBIO 212 (2022) or AUBIO 214.

A 3-week field course that provides students an opportunity to develop skills in research and study design in the field of Environmental Science and Ecology. Students will spend much of the course at the Augustana Miquelon Lake Research Station to allow them to fully immerse themselves in their research projects, which could cover the range of ecology, botany, geography, environmental science, and/or environmental studies. Course content also includes instruction in key aspects of conservation biology and resource management. Prerequisites: One of AUSTA 153, AUSTA 213, AUSTA 215, and one of AUENV 218, AUENV 230, AUGEO 218 (2021), AUGEO 230 (2021), AUENV 252, AUBIO 253. Notes: Credit may be obtained for only one of AUBIO 334, AUENV 334 and AUGEO 334 (2021).

Systematic and sequential consideration of fundamental cytology, the normal histology of the basic tissues, and the embryological development and microscopic organization of the major mammalian organisms and organ systems. Emphasis is placed on the light- and electron-microscopic features of cells and tissues with direct correlation of structure and function. Prerequisites: AUBIO 230. Notes: AUBIO 395 is recommended as a pre or corequisite.

Development of complex organisms. Emphasis is on the interactions between cells and their environment that determine cell survival, gene activation and deactivation; and how specific cell and tissue structures and functions are selected. Developmental processes common to plants and animals are identified. Prerequisites: AUBIO 230 and 260.

Introduction to the basic concepts of conservation biology. The scope of conservation biology and levels of biodiversity are explored, as are aspects of tropical ecology related to conservation. Prerequisite: AUBIO 253, AUSTA 215, and consent of the instructor(s) based on successful completion of the selection process. Note: This course is intended to be taken in sequence with AUBIO 459 or AUENV 459. Credit may be obtained for only one of AUBIO 350 and AUENV 350.

Analysis of the spatial patterns of biotic systems and species. The course examines their past and present distribution patterns in the context of biological and ecological processes and human impacts. The course employs several methods of analysis, including geographic information systems. Prerequisite: AUBIO 253. Note: Credit may be obtained for only one of AUBIO 351, AUENV 351, and AUGEO 351 (2021). Requires payment of additional student instructional support fees. Refer to the Tuition and Fees page in the University Regulations section of the Calendar.

Introduction to the biological, chemical and physical features of freshwater ecosystems, and how they relate to ecological processes in and adjacent to aquatic systems. The course will examine the role of ecological patterns in lakes, ponds, rivers and streams, with an emphasis on freshwater systems and their management in western Canada. Prerequisite: AUBIO 253. Notes: Credit may be obtained for only one of AUBIO 354, AUENV 354, and AUGEO 354 (2021). The course requires participation in a field trip. Requires payment of additional student instructional support fees. Refer to the Tuition and Fees page in the University Regulations section of the Calendar.

Addresses ecological processes at different spatial scales. Includes demography, population and meta-population dynamics of plants and animals across a broad range of ecosystems, community ecology and ecosystem functioning. Prerequisite: AUBIO 253.

The structure and function of proteins and enzymes and the structure, function and metabolism of carbohydrates. The structure and function of lipids, nucleic acids, and amino acids are introduced. The course focuses on how enzymes catalyze the oxidation of carbohydrates and how the cell conserves this energy in a useful chemical form. Prerequisites: AUBIO 111 and AUCHE 250. Note: Formerly part of AUBIO 280 (2021).

Structure, function, and metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, and nucleic acids at the level of the cell and organs. Prerequisites: AUBIO 380.

Laboratory course in biochemical techniques. Prerequisites: AUBIO 380 and AUCHE 112.

Survey of current knowledge and approaches in the area of structure, expression, and regulation of eukaryote genes and genomes. Topics include gene isolation and characterization, gene structure and replication, and transcription and translation processes and their regulation. Recombinant DNA technology and its applications are also introduced. Prerequisite: AUBIO 260.

Introduction to key concepts and methods in animal behaviour. Both mechanistic and evolutionary points of view are considered. Topics include genetics, developmental processes, learning, neurophysiological aspects, orientation, communication, foraging and habitat use, social behaviour, parental care and mating. Prerequisites: AUBIO 112 or 212 (2022) or AUBIO 214; AUBIO 260 and AUSTA 215.

Functional anatomy and life cycles of the major invertebrate taxa. Emphasis is on the comparative approach to understanding of phylogenetic relations between invertebrate taxa and their respective positions on the tree of life. Rich invertebrate biodiversity will be observed and placed into an environmental context. Prerequisite: AUBIO 112 or AUBIO 212 (2022) or AUBIO 214.

Study of the structure, function, and diversity of vertebrates. Prerequisite: AUBIO 112 or AUBIO 212 (2022) or AUBIO 214.

This is the capstone course for the Augustana Biology degree program and as such is designed to foster students' reflection on their biology degree program. This course integrates disciplinary knowledge from across the scales at which biologists study including cells, organisms, and ecosystems. This course is restricted to Integrative Biology majors with fourth-year standing and Bachelor of Science/Bachelor of Education students with third-year standing.

In-depth study of an advanced topic in Biology. Prerequisites: Vary according to topic; third-year standing.

In-depth study of evolutionary processes in natural populations of plants and animals. Selected topics for lectures and seminars address contemporary questions about natural selection, adaptation, speciation, biogeography and the evolution of interaction among species. Prerequisites: AUBIO 253 and 3 units of AUBIO at the 300 level or a cross-listed AUENV or AUGEO equivalent.

Supervised library research project. Prerequisites: Third-year standing, 6 units in Biology at the 200 level. Notes: Admission to the course normally requires a minimum GPA of 3.0 in Biology. An Application for Individual Study must be completed and approved before registration in the course.

Supervised laboratory or field research project. Prerequisites: Consent of the instructor. Notes: Admission to the course normally requires a minimum GPA of 3.0 in Biology. An Application for Individual Study must be completed and approved before registration in the course.

Comparative study of the developmental processes of different organisms in an attempt to determine their ancestral relationships and how developmental processes evolved. Topics include the origin and evolution of embryonic development; how modifications of development and developmental processes lead to the production of novel features; the role of developmental plasticity in evolution; the origin of biodiversity; and the developmental basis of homology. Prerequisite: AUBIO 338.

Field course that addresses problems of biodiversity and conservation in tropical environments. The student participates in field workshops, and designs and conducts their own field project to answer questions related to ecological and biological conservation. Prerequisite: AUBIO 350 or AUENV 350, and consent of the instructors based on successful completion of the selection process. Notes: Credit may be obtained for only one of AUBIO 459 and AUENV 459. Requires payment of additional student instructional support fees. Refer to the Tuition and Fees page in the University Regulations section of the Calendar.

An introduction to the structure and function of the immune system. Topics include the ontogeny of immune structures and cells, the generation of B and T cell receptor diversity, antigens and antibodies, clonal selection and expansion, MHC restriction, self tolerance and cytokines. Discussion of infectious disease, vaccines, and immunity will be used to synthesize these topics into a unified conceptual framework. Prerequisites: AUBIO 274 or AUBIO 374 (2022). Note: Credit may be obtained for only one of AUBIO 371 (2021) and AUBIO 471.

Examination of the pathogenic mechanisms used by selected bacteria, and protists that cause human diseases. Pathogens will be compared with a focus on the method of entry, colonization and invasion of host tissue used by various microbes and the microbial factors required to cause infection and disease. Epidemiological approaches, antimicrobials and antibiotic resistance will also be presented. Prerequisites: AUBIO 274 or 374 (2022).

A general introduction to chemistry. Topics include atomic structure, periodic trends, bonding, molecular shapes and Lewis structures, states of matter and intermolecular forces, functional groups and IR spectroscopy. Prerequisites: Chemistry 30 and Mathematics 30-1.

Continuation of AUCHE 110. Topics include thermodynamics, free energy, reaction kinetics, chemical equilibria, acid-base chemistry, buffers, oxidation-reduction reactions, and electrochemistry. Prerequisite: AUCHE 110. Note: Credit may be obtained for only one of AUCHE 112, AUCHE 212 (2022) or AUCHE 214.

Theoretical and practical aspects of chemical analysis. Topics include titrimetry, separations, acid-base equilibria, chromatography, and spectrophotometry. Examples emphasize the utility and limitations of analytical techniques. Prerequisite: AUCHE 112 or AUCHE 212 (2022) or AUCHE 214. Recommended corequisite: AUMAT 110 or 116.

This is a lab course that introduces students to the principles and techniques of analytical chemistry. Laboratory experiments will include analysis techniques that involve titrimetry, electrochemistry, spectrophotometry and chromatography. Prerequisites: AUCHE 112 or AUCHE 213. Corequisites: Recommended AUCHE 220.

An introduction to the principles of molecular structure and chemical bonding. Topics include: the electronic structure of atoms, bonding models and Molecular Orbital Theory, symmetry and point groups, structure and bonding of ionic solids, structure and bonding of transition metal complexes, stereochemistry and conformational isomerism. Prerequisite: AUCHE 112. Note: Students who completed AUCHE 110 between 2021 and 2023 may also use that course as a prerequisite to AUCHE 230.

An extension of AUCHE 230 with an emphasis on the structure, bonding, reactivity and characterization of transition metal complexes. Topics include: isomerism, stereochemistry, Crystal Field and Ligand Field Theory, ligand substitution, redox chemistry, electronic spectra, magnetochemistry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Prerequisite: AUCHE 230.

An introduction to bonding and functionality in organic compounds. Mechanistic approach to solving problems will be emphasized. Topics include electron movement arrows, acid/base chemistry, conformations and stereochemistry, simple substitutions, eliminations and additions to alkenes. Infrared spectroscopy will be applied in the lab. Prerequisite: AUCHE 112. Suggested corequisite: AUCHE 230 for students planning to take AUCHE 252.

Continuation of AUCHE 250, again emphasizing a mechanistic approach. The chemistry of alcohols, conjugated unsaturated systems, aromatic rings, carbonyl-containing compounds, organic reduction-oxidation reactions, and beta-dicarbonyl compounds will be discussed. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy will be applied in both the lecture and the lab. Prerequisite: AUCHE 230 and AUCHE 250.

Special relativity; photons and matter waves; Bohr atom model; Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle; Schrödinger equation; one-dimensional systems; hydrogen atom; spin; Pauli Exclusion Principle; many-electron atoms; molecules. Prerequisites: AUCHE 212, AUMAT 112, and AUPHY 120. Corequisite: AUMAT 211 is recommended. Note: Credit may be obtained for only one of AUCHE 277, AUPHY 260.

Study of the principles and concepts of physical chemistry. Topics include the laws of thermodynamics, chemical equilibrium, phase equilibria, surface chemistry, chemical kinetics and catalysis and spectroscopy and photochemistry. Prerequisites: AUCHE 112 or AUCHE 212 (2022) or AUCHE 214; and AUMAT 110 or 116.

Study of the theory and practice of instrument methods of analysis. Topics include atomic absorption and emission spectroscopy, fluorometry, liquid and gas chromatography, physical separations and electrochemical methods. Examples include the analysis of chemicals with environmental importance. Prerequisite: AUCHE 220. Recommended corequisite: AUMAT 110 or 116. Note: Credit may be obtained for only one of AUCHE 222 (2021) and AUCHE 323.

An advanced analytical laboratory course utilizing spectroscopic, chromatographic and electroanalytical techniques. The emphasis will be on the application of the instrumental techniques for the analysis and identification of unknown samples. Prerequisites: AUCHE 221.

Theory and application of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Prerequisite: AUCHE 323. Note: Credit may be obtained for only one of AUCHE 320 (2021) and AUCHE 325.

This course serves as an introduction to the chemical processes responsible for natural environmental phenomena and anthropogenic environmental problems. Topics to be discussed include atmospheric chemistry, water and soil chemistry, environmental sampling, climate change, pollution, waste management, fossil fuels and alternative energy technologies, toxic organic compounds and the principles of green chemistry. Prerequisites: AUCHE 112 or AUCHE 212 (2022) or AUCHE 214, third year standing, AUCHE 220 recommended.

An introduction to inorganic chemistry with particular emphasis on the bonding, reactivity and characterization of transition metal complexes. Topics include: Donor-acceptor chemistry, ligand substitution, photochemical reactions, electronic spectra, and an introduction to inorganic material synthesis. Prerequisite: AUCHE 230. Note: Students who completed AUCHE 250 between 2021 and 2023 may also use that course as a prerequisite to AUCHE 350.

This lab course introduces students to synthetic laboratory principles and techniques. Concepts include the synthesis of transition metal complexes, the rational design and synthesis of organic ligand systems, reactions of metal complexes, catalysis and nanomaterial synthesis. Students will also gain experience analyzing and interpreting real-world data acquired from a variety of characterization techniques, including NMR, UV-Vis, IR and magnetic susceptibility. Prerequisite: AUCHE 230 or AUCHE 251 (2022). Corequisites: Recommended AUCHE 350.

An extension of AUCHE 350 and an introduction to catalysis. Topics include: Common organometallic ligand systems, organometallic reactions and related mechanisms, homogenous, heterogeneous and asymmetric catalysis, catalyst synthesis and design, flow chemistry and industrial catalytic applications. Prerequisite: AUCHE 350.

This course is a guided-inquiry laboratory course that is focused on the development of modern organic and inorganic synthetic skills and techniques. Students will gain hands-on experience in researching, developing and implementing synthetic methodologies and analyzing experimental results. In addition, students will strengthen their communication skills through oral and written assignments. Prerequisites: AUCHE 351. Note: Credit may be obtained for only one of AUCHE 353 and AUCHE 360 (2021).

A research project on a specific topic in chemistry to be determined jointly by the student and professor. Prerequisite: Consent of instructor. Notes: Admission to AUCHE 390 normally requires a minimum GPA of 3.0 in Chemistry. An Application for Individual Study must be completed and approved before registration in the course.

A research project on a specific topic in chemistry to be determined jointly by the student and professor. Prerequisite: AUCHE 390. Notes: Admission to AUCHE 392 normally requires a minimum GPA of 3.0 in Chemistry. An Application for Individual Study must be completed and approved before registration in the course.

Supervised literature research project. Prerequisite: Third-year standing. Notes: Admission to AUCHE 397 normally requires a minimum GPA of 3.0 in Chemistry. An Application for Individual Study must be completed and approved before registration in the course.

Supervised literature research project. Prerequisite: AUCHE 397. Notes: Admission to AUCHE 399 normally requires a minimum GPA of 3.0 in Chemistry. An Application for Individual Study must be completed and approved before registration in the course.

In-depth examination of selected topics in Chemistry. Prerequisites: 12 units of senior Chemistry, at least 3 units of which must be in the subject area of the particular selected topics course.

An introduction to the synthesis, characterization, properties and applications of chemical materials. Potential topics to be discussed include solid state materials, polymers, nanomaterials, porous materials and hybrid materials. Prerequisite: AUCHE 230.

Study of the mechanism of different classes of enzymes along with experimental techniques used in enzymology. Prerequisite: AUCHE 250. Note: AUBIO 280 (Biochemistry: Proteins, Enzymes and Energy) is a suggested pre or corequisite.

A research project on a specific topic in chemistry to be determined jointly by the student and professor. Prerequisite: AUCHE 390. Notes: Admission to AUCHE 490 normally requires a minimum GPA of 3.0 in Chemistry. An Application for Individual Study must be completed and approved before registration in the course.

A research project on a specific topic in chemistry to be determined jointly by the student and professor. Prerequisite: AUCHE 390. Notes: Admission to AUCHE 492 normally requires a minimum GPA of 3.0 in Chemistry. An Application for Individual Study must be completed and approved before registration in the course.

Intensive study of a specific area of Chemistry as defined by the student and a supervising instructor. Prerequisites: Fourth-year standing. Notes: Admission to AUCHE 497 normally requires a minimum GPA of 3.0 in Chemistry. An `Application for Individual Study' must be completed and approved before registration in the course.

Intensive study of a specific area of Chemistry as defined by the student and a supervising instructor. Prerequisites: Fourth-year standing and AUCHE 497. Notes: Admission to AUCHE 499 normally requires a minimum GPA of 3.0 in Chemistry. An 'Application for Individual Study' must be completed and approved before registration in the course.

A survey of the major contributions of the Greeks to Western civilization in art, architecture, education, literature, philosophy, and politics.

Survey of classical mythology based on readings in translation from ancient literature. Study of the influence of classical mythology on art, film, literature, and music.

History of the Roman Republic from its beginnings to the Battle of Actium in 31 B.C. Note: Credit may be obtained for only one of AUCLA 223 and AUHIS 207.

History of the Roman Empire from the time of Augustus to the fall of the west in the fifth century A.D. Note: Credit may be obtained for only one of AUCLA 224 and AUHIS 208.

Study tour of ancient sites from the classical world. The focus and content of each course are determined by student and faculty interests and may vary with different course offerings. Note: Tour costs are the responsibility of the student. Requires payment of additional student instructional support fees. Refer to the Tuition and Fees page in the University Regulations section of the Calendar.

Intensive study of a specific area of Classics as defined by the student and a supervising instructor. Prerequisite: Consent of the instructor. Note: An Application for Individual Study must be completed and approved before registration in each of these courses.

An introduction to crime, justice and corrections in Canada using interdisciplinary approaches and Intersectional theory. The course explores crime in Canada from the criminal event through policing, trials, sentencing, corrections, community responses, and re-entry to society. Note: Credit may be obtained for only one of AUCRI 160 and AUIDS 160 (2020).

Integrative examination of theories of delinquency, the relationship of the young offender to Canadian criminal law, family, drug abuse, child abuse, and recent developments in community-based treatment programs. Prerequisites: One of AUSOC 101, 103, 105, AUIDS 160 (2020) or AUCRI 160, or consent of the instructor. Note: Credit may be obtained for only one of AUCRI 200 and AUSOC 200 (2020).

Interactionist analysis of processes accompanying the definition of deviance, subculture formation, careers of involvement in deviant activities, and the formal and informal regulation of deviance. Prerequisite: One of AUCRI 160, AUIDS 160 (2020), AUSOC 101, 103, 105. Note: Credit may be obtained for only one of AUCRI 224 and AUSOC 224 (2020).

Examination of anthropological and sociological explanations of crime and criminality, including a cross-cultural analysis of the social processes accompanying criminal activities. The course focuses on criminality as defined under Canadian criminal law and the traditional legal systems of Canada's Indigenous peoples. Prerequisite: One of AUCRI 160, AUIDS 160 (2020), AUSOC 101, 103, 105. Note: Credit may be obtained for only one of AUCRI 225 and AUSOC 225 (2020).

Why is it that so much attention is paid to street crime while the crimes of the powerful go virtually unpunished and sometimes unnoticed? A comprehensive examination of the prevalence and impact of crime committed by the powerful, including white collar occupational crime, corporate crimes, and crimes committed by the state. Prerequisite: One of AUCRI 160, 224, 225, 353, AUIDS 160 (2020), AUPOL 353 (2020), AUSOC 224 (2020), 225 (2020), and 3rd year standing or consent of the instructor. Note: Credit may be obtained for only one of AUCRI 327, 427, AUSOC 327 (2020), 427 (2020).

Advanced study of a particular dimension of law, crime and justice studies. Topics may vary from year to year, depending on the instructor and student interest. Prerequisite: AUCRI 160 or AUIDS 160 (2020).

A critical examination of how race and criminalization intersect, focusing on Canada and the United States. We will explore how modern racial disparities in these criminal justice systems are connected to inequality and social control through historical and ongoing processes of racialization and criminalization. Prerequisite: AUCRI 160 or AUIDS 160 (2020).

Examination of the Canadian judicial branch of government in comparative perspective. The course probes court structures; judicial independence, appointment, discipline, and removal; judicial decision making processes; and courts and the public policy process. Prerequisite: One of AUPOL 103, 221, AUCRI 160, AUIDS 160 (2020). Note: Credit may be obtained for only one of AUCRI 353 and AUPOL 353 (2020).

Why is it that so much attention is paid to 'street crime' while the crimes of the powerful go virtually unpunished and sometimes unnoticed? A comprehensive examination of the prevalence and impact of crime committed by the powerful, including white collar occupational crime, corporate crimes, and crimes committed by the state. Prerequisite: One of AUCRI 160, 224, 225, 353, AUIDS 160 (2020), AUPOL 353 (2020), AUSOC 224 (2020), 225 (2020), and 3rd year standing or consent of the instructor. Note: Credit may be obtained for only one of AUCRI 327, 427, AUSOC 327 (2020), 427 (2020).

Advanced study of a particular dimension of law, crime, and justice studies. Topics may vary from year to year, depending on instructor and student interest. Prerequisite: AUCRI 160 or AUIDS 160 (2020).

An introduction to the history, politics, and consequences of incarceration in North America and abroad. The course will examine why and how people were punished in the past, the reasons and methods for punishment in modern society, and how incarcerated people and those released back into society experience punishment. Prerequisite: AUCRI 160 or AUIDS 160 (2020).

This course explores historical and contemporary relationships between women and the Canadian legal system. The course uses feminist legal theory to explore the evolution of areas of Canadian law of particular interest to women (for example: reproduction, abortion, family law, rape laws, criminal law) and political activism around the law and women's issues. Prerequisites: One of AUCRI 353, AUPOL 353 (2020), 355 or AUIDS 230. Notes: Credit may be obtained for only one of AUCRI 453 and AUPOL 453 (2020).

An introduction to computational thinking, problem solving, and the fundamental ideas of computing. Topics include algorithms, abstraction, and modelling; the syntax and semantics of a high-level language (e.g. Python); fundamental programming concepts and data structures, including simple containers (variables, arrays, lists, strings, dictionaries); sequencing, conditionals and repetition; documentation and style; object-oriented programming; exceptions and error handling; graphical user interfaces and event-driven programming; recursion; simple algorithm analysis and run- time efficiency. Prerequisite: Mathematics 30-1. Note: Credit may be obtained for only one of AUCSC 111 or AUCSC 113 (2023).

An introduction to object-oriented design and programming in Java; algorithm analysis; data structures and container classes including arrays, lists, arraylists, stacks, queues, user-defined structures and an introduction to trees, along with associated algorithms such as insertion, removal, sorting and retrieval; introduction to recursion. Prerequisite: AUCSC 111, AUCSC 113 (2023) or AUSCI 135. Corequisites: AUMAT 116 and 120. Note: Credit may be obtained for only one of AUCSC 112 and AUCSC 211, and for only one of AUCSC 112 and AUSCI 235.

Introduction to current topics in computing and their application to a wide variety of areas within our society. Topics may be chosen from, but are not limited to, the following: Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Cloud Computing, Cryptocurrency, Data Compression, Data Mining, Encryption, Internet of Things, Machine Learning, Microchip Implants, Multimedia, Privacy, Robotics, Security, Social Media, Wearable Technology, and Virtual Reality. This course, being a concepts course and not a programming course, is intended to be interdisciplinary in nature.

Introduction to modern web architectures and technologies. Web platforms and standards. Client-side/server-side programming and web languages (e.g. HTML, JavaScript, PHP, CSS, Node.js). Introduction to internet security. Design and implementation of a simple web application. Prerequisite: one of AUCSC 113 (2023) or AUSCI 135, or AUCSC 111.

Software engineering paradigms, requirements specification, iterative software development, object-oriented design patterns, visual modelling with UML, software architecture; testing, verification and maintenance; software development environments and software engineering tools; societal implications such as the cost of failure and professional responsibilities. Prerequisite: AUCSC 112, or AUCSC 211 and AUSCI 235.

Introduction to computer systems as multilevel machines. Topics include data representation; the organization and execution cycle of Von Neumann machines; assembly-level programming, addressing modes, control flow, procedure calls, input/output, interrupts, caching; finite state machines, Boolean algebra, logic gates, and digital circuits. Prerequisite: AUCSC 112, or AUCSC 211 (2024) and AUSCI 235 (2024). Corequisite: AUMAT 250.

Algorithm design techniques (divide-and-conquer, dynamic programming, the greedy method). Merge-sort and the analysis of divide-and-conquer algorithms with recurrence relations; bucket-sort, radix-sort, and the lower bound on sorting; comparison of sorting algorithms. Trees, binary trees, search trees, their implementation, traversal, and search and update operations. Introduction to graph theory; data structures for the representation of graphs, digraphs, and networks, and their associated algorithms (traversal, connected components, topological sorting, minimum- spanning trees, shortest paths, transitive closure). Dynamic equivalence relations and union-find sets; amortized analysis. String matching. Prerequisites: AUCSC 112, or AUCSC 211 and AUSCI 235; and AUMAT 250.

Detailed study of software development processes, life cycles, and tools, especially object-oriented methods. Team work is emphasized in the completion of a large software project, from problem definition through to maintenance. Prerequisite: AUCSC 220.

Introduces students to systematic testing of software systems and how to improve software reliability and quality, and sustainability. Topics include development and use of test cases, code inspection, coverage criteria, black box testing, white box testing, fuzzing, unit and regression testing, debugging and bug fixing process, performance, energy, and sustainability testing. Prerequisites: AUCSC 220 and AUMAT 250.

Introduction to current database management systems in theory and practice. Topics include relational database design (including entity-relationship modelling, relational schema, and normal forms); relational algebra, use of a query language (typically SQL) and other components of a current database management system; overview of database system architecture, file structures (including B-tree indices), query processing, and transaction management; new directions. Prerequisites: AUCSC 112, or AUCSC 211 or AUSCI 235. Corequisite: AUMAT 250.

Architecture of historical and contemporary computer systems, including CPU chips and buses, memory, secondary memory devices, and I/O interfaces. Performance enhancement techniques, including prefetching, pipelining, caching, branch prediction, out-of-order and speculative execution, explicit parallelism, and predication are discussed. The course also includes the data path and control logic at the microarchitecture level; error detection and correction; floating-point number representation and calculation; fast arithmetic circuits; instruction sets and formats; and an overview of alternative and parallel architectures, including RISC/CISC, SIMD/MIMD, shared memory and message passing architectures. Prerequisite: AUCSC 250.